Dance/movement therapy (DMT) is defined by the American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA) as the psychotherapeutic use of movement to promote emotional, social, cognitive, and physical integration of the individual, for the purpose of improving health and well-being.

It emerged as a field in the 1940s as early innovators, many of whom were accomplished dancers, began to realize the benefit of using dance and movement as a form of psychotherapy. It is a holistic approach to healing, based on the empirically supported assertion that mind, body, and spirit are inseparable and interconnected; changes in the body reflect changes in the mind and vice versa. DMT as an embodied, movement-based approach is often difficult to describe, as it is necessary to actively engage in the process to get a true sense of what it is.


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Using these premises to guide their work, dance/movement therapists use body movement, the core component of dance, as the primary inroad to their psychotherapeutic work. Dance/movement therapists approach individual, couple, family, and group sessions by observing and assessing both their clients and their own movements, using verbal and nonverbal communication to create and implement interventions that will address the emotional, social, physical, and cognitive integration of an individual.

Objectives:  With the Children with Hemiparesis Arm and Hand Movement Project (CHAMP) multisite factorial randomized controlled trial, we compared 2 doses and 2 constraint types of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) to usual customary treatment (UCT).

Results:  Findings varied in statistical significance when analyzing individual blinded outcomes. parent reports, and rank-order gains. Consistently, high-dose CIMT, regardless of constraint type, produced a pattern of greatest short- and long-term gains (1.7% probability of occurring by chance alone) and significant gains on visual motor integration and dissociated movement at 6 months. O'Brien's rank-order analyses revealed high-dose CIMT produced significantly greater improvement than a moderate dose or UCT. All CIMT groups improved significantly more in parent-reported functioning, compared with that of UCT. Children with UCT also revealed objective gains (eg, 48% exceeded the smallest-detectable assisting hand assessment change, compared with 71% high-dose CIMT at the end of treatment).

Experience both classical and groundbreaking forms of dance/movement therapy as you dive into studies of self-psychology, the Gestalt-based moving cycle, clinical neuroscience, and Laban Movement Analysis.

Graduate dance therapy students gain a strong theoretical foundation in somatic movement therapy. They also practice mindfulness training and gain rigorous clinical experience. The ultimate goal is for each of our graduates to become self-aware, compassionate therapists who nurture mind-body synchronization.

Upon graduation from the dance/movement therapy program, our alumni work as individual and family therapists, program coordinators, dance and movement therapists, and more. Wherever your professional life leads you, your clinical internship experience will serve as a strong foundation for a future of compassionate, mindful service.

Background:  Unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition that affects muscle control and function on one side of the body. Children with unilateral CP experience difficulties using their hands together secondary to disturbances that occur in the developing fetal or infant brain. Often, the more affected limb is disregarded. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) aims to increase use of the more affected upper limb and improve bimanual performance. CIMT is based on two principles: restraining the use of the less affected limb (for example, using a splint, mitt or sling) and intensive therapeutic practice of the more affected limb.

Key results:  Primary outcomes at primary endpoint (immediately after intervention)CIMT versus low-dose comparison (e.g. occupational therapy)We found low-quality evidence that CIMT was more effective than a low-dose comparison for improving bimanual performance (mean difference (MD) 5.44 Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) units, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.37 to 8.51).CIMT was more effective than a low-dose comparison for improving unimanual capacity (Quality of upper extremity skills test (QUEST) - Dissociated movement MD 5.95, 95% CI 2.02 to 9.87; Grasps; MD 7.57, 95% CI 2.10 to 13.05; Weight bearing MD 5.92, 95% CI 2.21 to 9.6; Protective extension MD 12.54, 95% CI 8.60 to 16.47). Three studies reported adverse events, including frustration, constraint refusal and reversible skin irritations from casting.CIMT versus high-dose comparison (e.g. individualised occupational therapy, bimanual therapy)When compared with a high-dose comparison, CIMT was not more effective for improving bimanual performance (MD -0.39 AHA Units, 95% CI -3.14 to 2.36). There was no evidence that CIMT was more effective than a high-dose comparison for improving unimanual capacity in a single study using QUEST (Dissociated movement MD 0.49, 95% CI -10.71 to 11.69; Grasp MD -0.20, 95% CI -11.84 to 11.44). Two studies reported that some children experienced frustration participating in CIMT.CIMT versus dose-matched comparison (e.g. Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy, bimanual therapy, occupational therapy)There was no evidence of differences in bimanual performance between groups receiving CIMT or a dose-matched comparison (MD 0.80 AHA units, 95% CI -0.78 to 2.38).There was no evidence that CIMT was more effective than a dose-matched comparison for improving unimanual capacity (Box and Blocks Test MD 1.11, 95% CI -0.06 to 2.28; Melbourne Assessment MD 1.48, 95% CI -0.49 to 3.44; QUEST Dissociated movement MD 6.51, 95% CI -0.74 to 13.76; Grasp, MD 6.63, 95% CI -2.38 to 15.65; Weightbearing MD -2.31, 95% CI -8.02 to 3.40) except for the Protective extension domain (MD 6.86, 95% CI 0.14 to 13.58).There was no evidence of differences in manual ability between groups receiving CIMT or a dose-matched comparison (ABILHAND-Kids MD 0.74, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.18). From 15 studies, two children did not tolerate CIMT and three experienced difficulty.

A session of movement therapy, which could include various activities ranging from stretching to unstructured dancing, encourages people to express their own feelings, thoughts and ideas through body movement, in a safe atmosphere.

Therapists say that while movement therapy does not cure mental illness, it can make a person more functional. People who are on psychiatric medication may feel lethargic, or notice that their responses to situations have changed. Movement therapy offers a complementary intervention to medication, much like physiotherapy does to people with physical problems. By offering an intervention that is embodied and sensorial, it encourages expression, helps the person address their challenges, and enables them to live with them. It also helps them connect with their own selves and move beyond the label that may be thrust upon them by their illness.

Anyone who wishes to connect with their body and understand themselves better can benefit from movement therapy. Today, movement therapy is being used with different populations, across age groups and diagnostic categories. Movement therapy can help a person deal with minor and major dysfunctions, and enhance their sense of wellbeing. Movement is also used as a powerful metaphor for the way the client wishes to reconstruct their life; it helps a person overcome their own limiting perceptions of who they are and what they are capable of.

Warm-up or movement building through games and activities, which helps participants tune into the session and get comfortable with movements. Props such as balloons may be used to help the person get comfortable and begin expressing themselves.

A movement therapy session is not exclusively for dancers, nor is it a dance class. A dance class focuses on style, form and technique. Movement therapy, on the other hand, does not focus on technique, form or style. No participant is assessed on how they execute the steps, or how they look when they are dancing. There is no pressure on achieving a pre-decided outcome. During a movement therapy session, a person is encouraged to share what is happening within them.

Unlike in a dance class, participants at a movement therapy session are not expected to begin dancing the moment the music begins. The therapist guides them through a variety of movement activities, giving the body several movement experiences until the body is at ease and begins to express itself. The therapist only offers movement ideas, and the movement is led by the client. The pace builds up slowly, with each person deciding what pace they are comfortable with, and how much they would like to stretch themselves.

Body movement therapies are low-intensity and non-invasive forms of psychotherapy that can be practiced by patients of all ages and fitness levels. Trained therapists utilize the different forms of movement therapy to not only improve your range of motion but raise your levels of self-awareness and balance your physical, emotional, and mental well-being.

Movement therapy sessions can be one-on-one or in a group and vary in length. You may feel benefits from your treatment in as little as one session, though regular treatments are recommended to maintain your level of wellness.

The mission of the Creative Arts Therapy Department at Pratt Institute is to provide the highest level of clinical training in art and dance/movement therapy, preparing graduates to work effectively with people from diverse communities. Our unique teaching philosophy is based on a combination of personal experience, didactic learning, and practical application, and is rooted in the primacy of creative process and psychodynamic theory. We offer an integration of historical perspectives and current andragogy, leading to applications of practice in a variety of settings. The program combines the power of non-verbal communication, artistic process, and embodied creative action. Our students develop self-awareness and recognition of their unique attributes through experiential learning. They acquire an increased sense of self and resiliency, which is translated to their work as creative arts therapists. 2351a5e196

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