To date, climate research has yet to show that any given event was caused solely by global warming. However, over the past decade, research has demonstrated that climate change due to global warming has made many extreme events more likely, more intense, longer-lasting, or larger in scale than they would have been without it. For many of the events that have been studied, global warming has been identified as the primary driver of the event, not just a supporting player. And a number of recent studies have concluded that certain heat-related extreme events would not have been possible without human-caused global warming. Learn more here and here.

Extreme event attribution is the science of figuring out what caused a given extreme weather or climate event, and weighting the relative influence of global warming versus natural variability. The biggest collection of research dedicated to understanding the causes of extreme events is published annually in a special issue of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. The most recent edition of the report, Explaining Extreme Events in 2018 from a Climate Perspective, was the eighth in the series. (The report covering a selection of events from 2019 is soon to be released). Together, these eight reports have documented 168 attribution studies, 73 percent of which identified a substantial link between an extreme event and human-caused climate change, whereas 27 percent did not. To learn more, go here and here.


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Seneviratne, S.I., N.Nichols, D. Easterling, C.M. Goodess, S. Kanae, J. Kossin, Y. Luo, J. Marengo, K. McInnes, M. Rahimi, M. Reichstein, A. Sorteberg, C. Vera, and X. Zhang (2012): "Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment." In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 109-230.

There is hot, and then there is hot! Extreme heat is a period of high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90 degrees for at least two to three days. In extreme heat your body works extra hard to maintain a normal temperature, which can lead to death. Extreme heat is responsible for the highest number of annual deaths among all weather-related hazards.

There have been changes in some types of extreme weather events in the United States over the last several decades, including more intense and frequent heat waves, less frequent and intense cold waves, and regional changes in floods, droughts, and wildfires.[1] This rise in extreme weather events fits a pattern you can expect with a warming planet. Scientists project that climate change will make some of these extreme weather events more likely to occur and/or more likely to be severe.

EPA is taking a number of common-sense actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help cities and towns build more resilient communities to prepare for the impacts of a changing climate, including the weather extremes described above.

[5] AMS (2013). Kunkel, K.E., T.R. Karl, H. Brooks, J. Kossin, J. Lawrimore, D. Arndt, L. Bosart, D. Changnon, S.L. Cutter, N. Doesken, K. Emanuel, P.Ya. Groisman, R.W. Katz, T. Knutson, J. O'Brien, C. J. Paciorek, T. Peterson, K. Redmond, D. Robinson, J. Trapp, R. Vose, S. Weaver, M. Wehner, K. Wolter, and D. Wuebbles. 2013. Monitoring and understanding changes in extreme storm statistics: State of knowledge. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94:499-514.

The eleventh edition of the report, Explaining Extreme Events from a Climate Perspective, presents peer-reviewed analyses of extreme weather and climate across the world during the previous two calendar years. It features the research of scientists from across the globe looking at both historical observations and model simulations to determine whether and by how much climate change may have influenced particular extreme events.

BAMS EEE submissions during 2023 can include events that occurred in 2022 or 2023

For this edition of the report, we will accept attribution studies for extreme weather events that occurred in 2022 or 2023, rather than a single calendar year. Papers eligible to be included in the scientific session at AMS must be accepted for publication by BAMS no later than December 1, 2023.

Unleash your most extreme side and experience a day full of action driving a powerful ATV through an offroad route and a panoramic bridge, taking the plunge in the pendulum jump, descending through rappelling, and flying in our skydiving simulator.

The report specifically focuses on the role that science and technology can play in informing and empowering communities, businesses, and government agencies to prepare, respond, and adapt to extreme weather.

Heat-related deaths and illnesses are preventable. Despite this fact, approximately 1,220 people in the United States are killed by extreme heat every year. This website provides helpful tips, information, and resources to help you stay safe in the extreme heat this summer. Learn more about extreme heat.

As climate has warmed over recent years, a new pattern of more frequent and more intense weather events has unfolded across the globe. Climate models simulate such changes in extreme events, and some of the reasons for the changes are well understood. Warming increases the likelihood of extremely hot days and nights, favors increased atmospheric moisture that may result in more frequent heavy rainfall and snowfall, and leads to evaporation that can exacerbate droughts.

Even with evidence of these broad trends, scientists cautioned in the past that individual weather events couldn't be attributed to climate change. Now, with advances in understanding the climate science behind extreme events and the science of extreme event attribution, such blanket statements may not be accurate. The relatively young science of extreme event attribution seeks to tease out the influence of human-cause climate change from other factors, such as natural sources of variability like El Nio, as contributors to individual extreme events.

Event attribution can answer questions about how much climate change influenced the probability or intensity of a specific type of weather event. As event attribution capabilities improve, they could help inform choices about assessing and managing risk, and in guiding climate adaptation strategies. This report examines the current state of science of extreme weather attribution, and identifies ways to move the science forward to improve attribution capabilities.

More frequent and intense extreme heat events and rising temperatures driven by climate change have a disproportionate impact on disadvantaged communities. In response, the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) are leading the development of an extreme heat action plan. The plan will focus on addressing extreme heat impacts in disadvantaged communities, areas of employment, and recreational zones across the State. 


The Extreme Heat Action Plan Work Group, comprised of agency experts and staff, representing multiple agencies, will deliver a first-of-its-kind comprehensive State plan for addressing present and future extreme heat by:

8K has 4 times as many pixels as Ultra HD so HyperDeck Extreme 8K HDR takes advantage of H.265 files for recording in 8K so file sizes are smaller and the 8K files are easy to use. H.265 files are extremely small and range from 60:1 to 285:1 compression ratios which means much lower file sizes. Plus H.265 is now supported on all major operating systems. HyperDeck Extreme even supports ProRes 422 HQ, ProRes 422, ProRes 422 LT for recording and playback plus ProRes 4444 for playback to fill and key out. This means files will be compatible with software such as DaVinci Resolve, Media Composer, Premiere Pro or Final Cut Pro .

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The New York State Police shall ensure that its sworn members are trained and instructed to file an application for an extreme risk protection order in accordance with Article 63-A of the Civil Practice Laws and Rules.

All sworn members of the New York State Police must file an application, which shall be sworn, and accompanying supporting documentation, setting forth the facts and circumstances justifying the issuance of a temporary extreme risk protection order when there is probable cause to believe the respondent is likely to engage in conduct that would result in serious harm to himself, herself, or others, as defined in paragraph one or two of subdivision (a) of section 9.39 of the mental hygiene law. Such application and supporting documentation shall be filed in the supreme court in the county in which the respondent resides, in accordance with Article 63-A of the Civil Practice Laws and Rules.

As the impacts of extreme events continue to mount, interest has grown in the scientific community to study whether specific extreme events can be partially attributed to human activities. With the help of climate models, scientists have conducted an impressive array of studies, looking for possible links between human activities and extreme events such as heat waves, rainfall and flooding events, droughts, storms, and wildfires. e24fc04721

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