出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1997.03

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第27卷第1期 Vol. 27, No. 1

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
環境與貿易：GATT/WTO之規定、實踐與發展
Environment and Trade: The GATT/WTO Dimension

作者/Author
洪德欽 Der-Chin Horng

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 1-89

摘要
本論文在於討論GATT與WTO有關環境措施之規定、實踐與發展。GATT與WTO之主要宗旨在於藉由排除貿易障礙與歧視行為，以促進國際貿易自由化與合作關係，並提高世界經濟資源之有效使用與增進人類福祉。GATT烏拉圭回合最後協定針對與貿易相關之環境措施加以規定，以防範該等措施被大量濫用，形成非關稅障礙，引發貿易糾紛而危及WTO功能與信譽。所以，WTO將來在環境與貿易問題上，勢將扮演一關鍵角色，以促進其均衡關係暨永續發展。

環境與貿易乃一牽涉廣泛利益之複雜問題。各國政策與國際協定針對此一互動關係又顯示極大差異性，而使其發展顯示高度不確定性。因此，本主題在學理與實務皆有深入研究之價值與必要，以阱決此一世界性問題。其次，論文研究方法乃從法律、政經、社會等不同角度切入，綜合分析探討環境與貿易之相互關係與問題。論文針對GATT/WTO以及歐美經濟強權之實際運作也賦與高度關切，以期理論與實務相結合而達立一完整學術架構基礎。我國目前正積極申請加入WTO，而使本文主題之研究更具現實意義與學理價值。

Abstract
This paper reviews the theme of environment and trade, with special reference to the rules and practice of GATT/WTO. The link between environment and trade was becoming more and more relevant in the 1970s. Indeed, the GATT did involve in the examination of the proper role trade restriction might play in protecting the environment. In practice, the GATT is more concerned about the risk of environmental measures unilaterally applied as a trade protective means in the form of non-tariff barrier. The Uruguay Round Final Act has already extended the scope of WTO competence to other policy areas. Therefore, trade-related environmental measures will become a key focus of WTO’s work.

Environment and trade presents a new challenge for sustainable development. Emphasis of this paper is thus placed on utilizing appropriate combinations of legal, political, economic and social analyses. In most cases, each general subject is discussed from a broad and contextual perspective. In this context, this paper examines the following core issues: environment and trade, GATT/WTO, sustainable development, international cooperation, and human role. This paper also considers the kind of policy reforms needed to achieve the goal of sustainable development. It is suggested that policy coordination in the issue of environment, trade and development should be re­ solved in a way that upholds and safeguards the spirit and the rules of both the WTO and the UN system.

關鍵字/Key Word
環境、貿易、關貿總協定、世界貿易組織、永續發展
environment, trade, GATT, WTO, sustainable development

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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
法學 Law