出刊年月/Date of Publishing

1987.06

所屬卷期/Vol. & No.   第17卷第2期 Vol. 17, No. 2

類型/Type                 研究論文 Research Article

篇名/Title
Analysis of 1980 U.S. Census Data: Some Preliminary Findings on Chinese Americans
美國華人1980年人口普查資料的初步分析

作者/Author
徐良熙 Ramsay Leung-hay Shu

頁碼/Pagination
pp. 81-113

摘要
本文的主要目的乃根據1980年美國人口普查的資料，分析美國華人的基本統計結果。百年來，華人亟遭美國人之歧視，不能享受美國憲法所保證之各項權利；自從美國政府於1965年大幅度修改移民法案後，華人社經地位才顯著提升。華人於1980年已成爲亞裔人口中最多的一族，但出生於美國本土的華人卻只佔少數；故出生地乃是影響其際遇的一個決定因素。鑒於以往相關之研究未能分別不同出生地 (如中國大陸丶臺灣丶香港、美國或世界其他各地) 華人之際遇，故本研究特從普査之原始資料中，比較各類華人之狀況。大致上，本研究發現在美華人之素質已大幅提高 (特別在敎育、職業及收入方面)，並不比一般美國人差。事實上，華人之平均個人所得已超越美國大衆之水準。一方面，此現象固可證實華人爲「模範少數民族」之說法；另一方面，本研究亦發現華人在就業市楊中遭遇相當不平等之待遇 (尤其是出生於美國領土外者)。本文雖然提供有關在美華人的一些基本社經資料之分析，卻未進一步澄清歷年來針對此問題之議論，因此還需繼續探討各相關因素之因果關係。

Abstract
This paper’s main aim is an analysis of basic statistics of Chinese Americans from 1980 U.S. census data. Over the last hundred years, Chinese have been discriminated against by Americans and unable to enjoy the rights guaranteed in the American constitution. It was not until after large-scale revisions to the immigration laws by the American government in 1965 that the socio-economic standing of Chinese Americans finally increased. By 1980 the Chinese American community had already become the single largest Asian-Pacific ethnic group in the US. Despite this, however, American born Chinese still remained a minority. Thus, place of birth then becomes a deciding factor in influencing their available opportunities. Relevant research in the past failed to distinguish between different birthplaces (for example, Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, America or other countries) in examining the opportunities of Chinese Americans, whereas the research in this paper uses firsthand information from general surveys to compare the situation of Chinese Americans of varied birthplaces. In general, this paper discovers that the quality of Chinese Americans circumstances, particularly in the areas of education, occupation and income, has been substantially improved, and is not worse than the average American. In reality, the per capita income of Chinese Americans is the same as, or even higher than, that of the general U.S. population. On one hand, this phenomenon can prove the argument that Chinese Americans are the “model minority ethnic group,” and on the other hand, this research reaffirms that in the job market, Chinese Americans experience unequal treatment (especially those born outside America). However, while this paper offers an analysis of the basic socio-economic data of Chinese Americans, it does not further clarify the issues involved, and because of this, continued investigation examination is still required of the causal relationships between related factors.

關鍵字/Key Word
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DOI
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學門分類/Subject
社會學 Sociology