In European Union (EU), transport causes about a quarter of the total greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and road vehicles are the biggest contributors, with nearly three-quarters of the overall GHG emissions. In this context, many governments are adopting different strategies to achieve a sustainable mobility, including the electrification of public transport, such as full electric taxis (e-taxis). Indeed, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) represent a promising solution towards the achievement of sustainability since they involve zero emissions during the use phase, despite indirect emissions are generated during the charging of the traction battery according to the specific national electricity mix. However, a proper choice of the vehicle segment for the e-taxi and its battery capacity can represent a crucial factor in reducing the overall environmental impacts. Indeed, a battery with a higher capacity can reduce the battery aging for the same traveled distance and then the number of battery replacements. The purpose of this research is to identify the best vehicle segment for the e-taxis fleet according to GHG emissions within the vehicle lifespan. To this end, a cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and battery aging simulations for Lithium-ion batteries are conducted, basing on the state-of-art standard for test driving cycles and average emissions of the EU electricity mix. Results show how the battery aging can determine a higher number of battery replacements for smaller vehicles during their lifespan and, thus, higher GHG emissions due to manufacturing e recycling phases of extra batteries. In particular, this is the case when a scenario of 8-years lifespan is considered, with emissions up to 3.7% higher.
A ridesharing company (also known as a transportation network company,[1] ride-hailing service; the vehicles are called app-taxis or e-taxis) is a company that, via websites and mobile apps, matches passengers with drivers of vehicles for hire that, unlike taxis, cannot legally be hailed from the street.
E-taxis
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"The 500th e-taxi in Hamburg is an impressive example of the drive transition which is shaping the future," said Anjes Tjarks, Senator for Transport. The project helps reduce CO2 emissions and sends a signal to other cities and countries. "It also strengthens the acceptance and image of the taxi industry in the city," he added. Under the plans, four more taxi ranks with eight fast-charging stations for e-taxis will be installed to encourage local taxi companies to switch to zero-emission vehicles. More than 200 grants have been awarded since April 2023, the ministry said.
The ministry is working with local taxi companies, associations and industry and other partners to bring taxis up to date and to create the infrastructure for an environment-friendly means of transport. Around 80 fast-charging points for e-taxis will be set up all over Hamburg by late 2024. Around 65 inclusive e-vehicles, a rise of 25, should be available by summer 2024. Grants are also available to purchase hydrogen-powered taxis. Interested companies can apply online to convert to zero-emission vehicles.
There are views that electric vehicles (EVs) showcase a new trend of transport development which would help Hong Kong achieve the goal of carbon neutrality before 2050, thereby contributing to sustainable development. Meanwhile, the Government has mentioned in the latest Policy Address the introduction of about 3 000 electric taxis (e-taxis) by end-2027. Regarding the promotion of the popularisation of e-taxis, will the Government inform this Council:
(2) given that the Government will, in the medium to long term, gradually convert some existing petrol filling stations and gas filling stations into quick charging stations to address the charging needs of e-taxis and other EVs, of the relevant details and specific implementation timetable; and
The Environment Bureau in March 2021 announced the Hong Kong Roadmap on Popularisation of Electric Vehicles (EV Roadmap), which guides Hong Kong towards its goal of attaining zero vehicular emissions before 2050. Under the EV Roadmap, the Government will proactively promote trials of various electric public transport and commercial vehicles including electric taxis (e-taxis), with a view to mapping out a concrete proposal and timetable in around 2025. The Chief Executive's 2022 Policy Address further sets out the medium-term target of introducing about 3 000 e-taxis by end-2027. To further promote the application of e-taxis, the Government proposed in the 2023-24 Budget to put in place a loan scheme providing 100% guarantee for the taxi trade. The scheme aims to encourage taxi owners to replace their existing taxis with pure e-taxis.
(3) The Government currently promotes the use of electric commercial vehicles through offering financial incentives, including full waiver of first registration tax. Enterprises are also allowed to claim full profits tax deduction for their capital expenditure on procurement of EVs (including e-taxis) in the first year after procurement.
The Government has been encouraging the taxi trade to test new generation e-taxis via subsidy provided by the New Energy Transport (NET) Fund. Under "Applications for Trial" of NET Fund, eligible taxi owners can be subsidised for the price difference between an e-taxi and its conventional counterpart, or 50 per cent of the cost of the e-taxi, whichever is higher. Seventy-five per cent of the cost of charging facility (including the charger and its installation) are also subsidised under NET Fund. Relevant subsidy will be provided on a reimbursement basis. As of April 2023, NET Fund has approved the trials of 26 e-taxis, including 23 new generation e-taxis, of which two urban e-taxis have commenced operations since September last year and January this year respectively.
Our latest generation e-taxis are one of the few cars which were built from the ground up as cabs. We can drive with it up to 125 km purely electrically and recharge at a fast charger within 30min to 80%. Due to the integrated generator (range extender) we even get a total range of 510 km, which makes the cabs ideal for longer distances.
In general, great emphasis has been placed on passenger safety. The e-taxis have the latest assistance systems installed and are corona-compliant: Professional surface disinfectant is on hand, Plexiglas windows separate the driver's compartment from the passenger area, and we also regularly disinfect the ventilation system.
In 2008, Warren Buffett spent US$230 million to acquire a 10 percent stake in the company which is now, with the assistance of some electric-fuel hybrids, the sixth largest auto manufacturer in China selling close to half a million units in 2010. BYD already manufacturers in Russia, and has sold 3,000 e-taxis to Santo Domingo, the capital city of the Dominican Republic.
With major investments in electric taxis emerging around the world, there is a need to better understand resource allocation trade-offs in subsidizing electric vehicle taxis (e-taxis) and investing in electric charging infrastructure. This is addressed using simulation experiments conducted in New York City: 2016 taxi pickups/drop-offs, a Manhattan road network (16,782 nodes, 23,337 links), and 212 charging stations specified by a 2013 Taxi & Limousine Commission study. The simulation is based on a platform used to evaluate taxi operations in California and Seoul. Eleven scenarios are analyzed: a baseline of 7,000 non-electric taxis, five scenarios ranging from 1,000 e-taxis to 5,000 e-taxis, and another five scenarios in which the e-taxis have infinite chargers as an upper bound. The study finds that the number of charging locations recommended in the earlier study may be insufficient at some locations even under the 3,000+ e-taxi scenarios. More importantly, despite an average revenue of $260 per taxi for the 7,000 non-electric taxis and about $247 per taxi for electric taxis over the finite charger scenarios, the revenue gap between e-taxis and non-electric taxis in a mixed fleet increases significantly as the e-taxi share increases. This is because the increasing queue delay imposed on e-taxis gives non-electric taxis an increasing competitive advantage, raising their average revenue from $260 per taxi (1,000 e-taxis) up to $286 per taxi (5,000 e-taxis, 150% revenue gap increase), all other operating costs being equal. This has implications for individual versus whole-fleet policies, as the individual-oriented policies may be less effective.
The launch of Blue Bird's e-taxis is attended by ( left to right) the company's president director Noni Purnomo, Coordinating Maritime Affairs Minister Luhut Pandjaitan, Transportation Minister Budi Karya Sumadi and Blue Bird director Andrianto Djokosoetono in Jakarta on April 22. (JP/Seto Wardhana)
Though Blue Bird only has 30 electric taxis for now, the company aims to operate 200 e-taxis by 2020, aiming to eliminate 434,095 kilograms of CO2emissions or 1.89 million liters of fuel consumption. Furthermore, by adding 2,000 e-taxis from 2020 to 2025, the amount is expected to reduce 21,704,760 kg of CO2emissions, equal to 94.90 million liters of fuel consumption. (mut)
Automated EV charging can greatly facilitate taxi electrification, as e-taxis can charge automatically while waiting at taxi stands. The eTaxi Austria project has been testing Matrix Charging technology, developed by the Austrian company Easelink. In Vienna, some 8 taxi stands and 56 vehicles are now equipped with the technology. In Graz, 2 stands and 10 vehicles are getting wired up.
Driving performance is promoted
The new e-taxi funding supports the driving performance and not the purchase of the vehicles to ensure that the e-taxis are also used and CO2 emissions are thus reduced. Vienna continues to focus primarily on the environmentally friendly mobility mix including public transport, cycling and walking. The subsidy amounts to five euros for each hour of operation of an e-taxi with passengers. The funding amount is capped at 10,000 euros per e-taxi. Up to 15 e-taxis per company are eligible for funding. This is intended to ensure that upcoming new investments in the vehicle fleet flow into locally sustainable e-mobility before 2025. ff782bc1db
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