Assistant Professor
Vermont Center on Behavior and Health
Departments of Psychological Science and Psychiatry
University of Vermont
eric . thrailkill @ uvm.edu
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Research interests
I am interested in how decision making and instrumental behavior influences risk for substance use problems and how such factors connect to fundamental mechanisms of associative learning and behavioral regulation. Current projects in the lab focus on 1) individual differences in loss aversion, the tendency for losses to have a stronger influence on choices than equivalent gains, and risk for unhealthy behaviors including cigarette smoking and other substance use, 2) understanding how we make and break habits whether healthy or not, and 3) variables that influence the effectiveness of incentive-based treatments. I collect data with a range of techniques with human and nonhuman participants, behavioral pharmacology, eye-tracking, and in-person and crowdsourced samples. Overall, my goal is to improve the understanding of cognitive mechanisms and behavioral processes that underpin durable behavior change.
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Education
Postdoctoral, Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2013-2017
MS & PhD, Psychology, Utah State University, 2007-2013
BS, Psychology, Arizona State University, 2002-2006
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Publications
Thrailkill, E. A., DeSarno, M., & Higgins, S. T. (2024). Clustering of behavioral economic biases in decision-making and risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use in women and men. Preventive Medicine, 186, 108072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108093
Dougherty, R. J., Thrailkill, E. A., Mohammed, Z., VonDoepp, S., Hilton-VanOsdall, E., Charette, S., Van Horn, S., Quirk, A., Kraus, A., & Toufexis, D. J. (2024). Acute stress facilitates habitual behavior in female rats. Physiology & Behavior, 114456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114456
Watson, P., Thrailkill, E. A., Corbit, L. H., & Bouton, M. E. (2024). Introduction to the special issue: Goal direction and habit in operant behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 121, 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.901
Thrailkill, E. A., & Daniels, C. W. (2024). The temporal structure of goal-directed and habitual operant behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 121, 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/JEAB.896
Thrailkill, E. A. (2023). Partial reinforcement extinction and omission effects in the elimination and recovery of discriminated operant behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 49(3), 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000354
Thrailkill, E. A., DeSarno, M., & Higgins, S. T. (2023). Loss Aversion predicts cigarette smoking status across levels of sociodemographic characteristics. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000665
Thrailkill, E. A., DeSarno, M., & Higgins, S. T. (2023). Loss aversion and current, never, and former cigarette smoking status. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 25(7), 1277-1282. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntad043
Thrailkill, E.A. (2022). Hippocampus and neocortex send and receive predictive information. Learning & Behavior, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-022-00563-z
Thrailkill, E. A., DeSarno, M., & Higgins, S. T. (2022b). Intersections between environmental reward availability, loss aversion, and delay discounting as potential risk factors for cigarette smoking and other substance use. Preventive Medicine, 165B, 107270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107270
Thrailkill, E. A., DeSarno, M., & Higgins, S. T. (2022a). Loss aversion and risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 232, 109307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109307
Thrailkill, E. A. & Alcalá, J. A., (2022). Relapse after incentivized choice: A laboratory model for studying behavior change. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 30(2), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000443
Bouton, M. E., Allan, S. M., Tavakkoli, A., Steinfeld, M. R., & Thrailkill, E. A. (2021). Effect of context on the instrumental reinforcer devaluation effect produced by taste aversion learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 47, 476-489. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000295
Thrailkill, E. A., Michaud, N. L., & Bouton, M. E. (2021). Reinforcer predictability and stimulus salience promote discriminated habit learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 47(2), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000285
Bouton, M. E., Thrailkill, E. A., Trask, S., & Alfaro, F. (2020). Correction of response error vs. stimulus error in the extinction of discriminated operant learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 46, 398-407. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000267
Thrailkill, E. A., Todd, T. P., & Bouton, M. E. (2020). Effects of CS duration, intertrial interval, and I/T ratio on appetitive Pavlovian conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 46, 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000241
Thomas, C. M., Thrailkill, E. A., Bouton, M. E., & Green, J. T. (2020). Inactivation of the prelimbic cortex attenuates operant responding in both physical and behavioral contexts. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 171, 107189 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107189
Bouton, M. E., Broomer, M., Rey, C. N., & Thrailkill, E. A. (2020). Unexpected food outcomes can return a habit to goal-directed action. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 169, 107163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107163
Rey, C. N., Thrailkill, E. A., Goldberg, K. L., & Bouton, M. E. (2020). Relapse of operant behavior after response elimination with an extinction or an omission contingency. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 113, 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.568
Steinfeld, M., Alcalá, J. A., Thrailkill, E. A., & Bouton, M. E. (2019). Renewal in a heterogeneous behavior chain: Extinction of the first response prevents renewal of a second response when it is separately extinguished and returned to the chain. Learning and Motivation, 68, 101587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2019.101587
Thrailkill, E. A., Ameden, W. C., & Bouton, M. E. (2019). Resurgence in humans: Reducing relapse by increasing generalization between treatment and testing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 45, 338-349. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000209
Thrailkill, E. A., Trask, S., Alcalá, J., Vidal, P., & Bouton, M. E. (2018). Stimulus control of actions and habits: A role for reinforcer predictability and attention in the development of habitual behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 44, 370-384. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000188
Thrailkill, E. A., Porritt, F., Kacelnik, A., & Bouton, M. E. (2018). Maintaining performance in searching dogs: Evidence from a rat model that training to detect a second (irrelevant) stimulus can maintain search and detection responding. Behavioural Processes, 157, 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2018.09.012
Thrailkill, E. A., Kimball, R., Craig, A. R., Podlesnik, C. A., & Kelley, M. E. (2018). Basic and translational evaluation of spontaneous recovery of operant responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 109, 238-252. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.307
Miles, O. W., Thrailkill, E. A., Linden, A., May, V., Bouton, M. E., & Hammack, S. E. (2017). Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis mediates stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology, 43, 978-986. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.135
Thrailkill, E. A., & Bouton, M. E. (2017). Factors that influence the persistence and relapse of discriminated behavior chains. Behavioural Processes, 141, 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2017.04.009
Bouton, M. E., Thrailkill, E. A., Bergeria, C., & Davis, D. (2017). Preventing relapse after incentivized choice treatment: A laboratory model. Behavioural Processes. 141, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2017.02.005
Trask, S., Thrailkill, E. A., & Bouton, M. E. (2017). Occasion setting, inhibition, and the contextual control of extinction in Pavlovian and instrumental (operant) learning. Behavioural Processes, 137, 64-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.10.003
Todd, T. P., & Thrailkill, E. A. (2017). Extinction. In A. Wenzel (Ed.), The sage encyclopedia of abnormal and clinical psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 1408-1410). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483365817.n562
Thrailkill, E. A., & Bouton, M. E. (2017). Effects of outcome devaluation on instrumental behaviors in a discriminated heterogeneous chain. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 43, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000119
Thrailkill, E. A., Trott, J. M., Zerr, C. L., & Bouton, M. E. (2016). Contextual control of chained instrumental behaviors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 42, 401-414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xan0000112
Thrailkill, E. A., & Bouton, M. E. (2016). Extinction and the associative structure of heterogeneous instrumental chains. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 133, 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2016.06.005
Thrailkill, E. A., Porritt, F., Kacelnik, A., & Bouton, M. E. (2016). Increasing the persistence of a heterogeneous behavior chain: Studies of extinction in a rat model of search behavior of working dogs. Behavioural Processes, 129, 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.05.009
Thrailkill, E. A., & Bouton, M. E. (2016). Extinction of chained instrumental behaviors: Effects of consumption extinction on procurement responding. Learning & Behavior, 44, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-015-0193-y
Thrailkill, E. A., & Bouton, M. E. (2015). Extinction of chained instrumental behaviors: Effects of procurement extinction on consumption responding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 41, 232-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000064
Thrailkill, E. A., & Bouton, M. E. (2015). Contextual control of instrumental actions and habits. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 41, 69-80. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000045
Thrailkill, E. A., Epstein, L. H., & Bouton, M. E. (2014). Effects of inter-food interval on the variety effect in an instrumental food-seeking task: Clarifying the role of habituation. Appetite, 84, 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.015
Thrailkill, E. A., & Shahan T. A. (2014). Temporal integration and instrumental conditioned reinforcement. Learning & Behavior, 42, 201-208. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-014-0138-x
Thrailkill, E. A., & Shahan T. A. (2012). Resistance to change and relapse of observing. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 97, 279-302. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2012.97-281
Podlesnik, C. A., Thrailkill, E. A., & Shahan, T. A. (2012). Differential reinforcement and resistance to change of divided attention performance. Learning & Behavior, 40, 158-169. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-011-0052-4
Podlesnik, C. A., Jimenez-Gomez, C., Thrailkill, E. A., & Shahan, T. A. (2011). Temporal context, preference, and resistance to change. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 96, 191-213. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2011.96-191
Barker, D. J., Sanabria, F., Lasswell, A., Thrailkill, E. A., Pawlak, A. P., & Killeen, P. R. (2010). Bright light as a practical aversive stimulus for the albino rat. Behavioural Brain Research, 214, 402-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.06.020
Sanabria, F., Thrailkill, E. A., & Killeen, P. R. (2009). Timing with opportunity cost: Concurrent schedules improve peak timing. Learning & Behavior, 37, 217-229. https://doi.org/10.3758/LB.37.3.217
Sanabria, F., & Thrailkill, E. (2009). Pigeons (Columba livia) approach Nash Equilibrium in Experimental Matching Pennies Competitions. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 91, 169-183. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2009.91-169
Killeen, P. R., Posadas-Sanchez, D., Johansen, E. B. & Thrailkill, E. A. (2009). Progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35, 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012497