“Refers to the view that regards human values as the measure of all values” (Hendry 54).
Focuses on the importance of the natural world over humans, mainly focusing on the living and non-living nature in tandem (i.e., ecosystems).
“Recognizes an intrinsic value of the natural world regardless of its benefits to humans” (Hendry 54). Usually focusing on the living things in nature.
How does human-centrism appear in our everyday lives? We can see our tendencies towards anthropocentrism in just about most of our everyday actions. For instance, eating packaged meat often requires the caging and consumption of animals. Treating pets like children or viewing them as children is an example of domestication as a form of anthropocentrism. These examples refer to how people see these actions as "normal" or "natural, putting humans values above all other creatures or ecosystems.
Ecocentrism protects nature and wildlife, including living and nonliving things. An ecocentric view might promote the rights of nature or ecosystems, including rivers and waterways. Such a perspective might seek "balance," promoting the health of an ecosystem over the individual needs of discrete creatures. For example, Aldo Leopold's "Thinking Like a Mountain" shows how predator species keep deer in check, which in turn preserves the health of the mountainside.
Biocentrism values all living creatures. You might embrace a biocentric view if you have a vegetarian or vegan diet or stand against deforestation and fur trading. Many animal rights advocates such as Tom Regan are also biocentric, as they suggest that being the "subject of a life" warrants membership in the moral community.
When looking at these terms and deciding how you want to shape your views, what are the main differences? Anthropocentrism focuses on the benefits for humankind. If you as a human want something, then your values supersede everything else. This is different from ecocentrism, which focuses on the well-being of the natural world as a whole, including flora and fauna, rocks, waterways, and ecosystems. Finally, biocentrism supports the protection of other living things, though it has some variations. For example, ethicist Peter Singer suggests "sentient" animals be given the greatest moral consideration, while rights-based models like that of Tom Regan suggest that being the "subject of a life" grants animals moral consideration.
Hendry, Judith. “Chapter 3.” Communication and the Natural World, Strata Publishing Inc., State College, Pennsylvania., 2020..