Encyclopedia Of World History Pdf Free |VERIFIED| Download

World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide.

World History Encyclopedia (formerly Ancient History Encyclopedia) is a nonprofit educational company created in 2009 by Jan van der Crabben.[1] The organization publishes and maintains articles, images, videos, podcasts, and interactive educational tools related to history. All users may contribute content to the site, although submissions are reviewed by an editorial team before publication. In 2021, the organization was renamed from the Ancient History Encyclopedia to World History Encyclopedia to reflect its broadened scope, covering world history from all time periods, as opposed to just ancient history. Original articles are written in English and later translated into other languages, mainly French and Spanish.

Encyclopedia Of World History Pdf Free Download

Download File 🔥 https://ssurll.com/2y4PDc 🔥

The Ancient History Encyclopedia was founded in 2009 by van der Crabben with the stated goal of improving history education worldwide by creating a freely accessible and reliable history source.[1] The nonprofit organization is based in Godalming, United Kingdom and Montreal, Canada, although it has no office and its team is globally distributed.[2][3]

The site had an emphasis on ancient history when it was founded, but it later shifted to cover the Medieval and early Modern periods as well. In 2021, the organization renamed itself World History Encyclopedia to reflect this change.[4]

From the big bang to the 21st century, this renowned encyclopedia provides an integrated view of human and universal history. Eminent scholars examine environmental and social issues by exploring connections and interactions made over time (and across cultures and locales) through trade, warfare, migrations, religion, and diplomacy.

Over 100 new articles, and 1,200 illustrations, photos, and maps from the collections of the Library of Congress, the World Digital Library, the New York Public Library, and many more sources, make this second edition a vital addition for world history-focused classrooms and libraries.

William H. McNeill is the Robert A. Millikan Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Chicago. His many books include Plagues and Peoples, Venice: The Hinge of Europe 1081-1797, The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community, which received the National Book Award, Mythistory and Other Essays, History of Western Civilization: A Handbook, and The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force, and Society since A.D. 1000.

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History, edited by Bonnie G. Smith, captures the experiences of women throughout history in a far-reaching, four-volume work. Although there has been extensive research on women in history by region, no other text or reference work has comprehensively covered the role women have played throughout world history. With over 650 biographies of influential women and over 600 topical articles covering topics such as geography and history, culture and society, organizations, movements, and gender studies, Women in World History is the definitive reference work in the field.

This updated Usborne encyclopedia takes readers on a tour of world history, from ancient times to the start of the 21st century. Ancient Egypt, the Aztec Empire, Medieval Europe, the First World War and many more fascinating subjects. "World History from Ancient to Modern Times" includes an illustrated time chart, more than 100 maps, fabulous illustrations and photos, and links to more than 800 Usborne-recommended websites and more.

An unprecedented undertaking by academics reflecting an extraordinary vision of world history, this landmark multivolume encyclopedia focuses on specific themes of human development across cultures era by era, providing the most in-depth, expansive presentation available of the development of humanity from a global perspective. Well-known and widely respected historians worked together to create and guide the project in order to offer the most up-to-date visions available.

A monumental undertaking. A stunning academic achievement. ABC-CLIO's World History Encyclopedia is the first comprehensive work to take a large-scale thematic look at the human species worldwide. Comprised of 21 volumes covering 9 eras, an introductory volume, and an index, it charts the extraordinary journey of humankind, revealing crucial connections among civilizations in different regions through the ages.

Within each era, the encyclopedia highlights pivotal interactions and exchanges among cultures within eight broad thematic categories: population and environment, society and culture, migration and travel, politics and statecraft, economics and trade, conflict and cooperation, thought and religion, science and technology. Aligned to national history standards and packed with images, primary resources, current citations, and extensive teaching and learning support, the World History Encyclopedia gives students, educators, researchers, and interested general readers a means of navigating the broad sweep of history unlike any ever published.

Three preliminary issues are relevant to almost all discussions ofhistory and the philosophy of history. The first is a set of issueshaving to do with the "ontology" of history, the kinds of entities,processes, and events that make up the historical past. This topicconcerns the entities, forces, and structures that we postulate indescribing the historical phenomena, whether the medieval manor or theWeimar Republic, and the theory we have of how these social entitiesdepend upon the actions of the historical actors who embody them. Thesecond issue has to do with the problems of selectivity unavoidablefor the historian of any period or epoch. Here we take up the questionof how the unavoidable selectivity of historical inquiry in terms oftheme, location, scope, and scale influences the nature of historicalknowledge. The third issue has to do with the complicated relationshipthat exists between history, narrative, and collective memory. Thistopic addresses the point that real human beings make history. And, asMarc Bloch insists (1953), we humans are historical beings, we tellstories about ourselves, and those stories sometimes themselves havemajor historical consequences. The collective memories and identitiesof Serb nationalism were a historical fact in the 1990s, and theseelements of mythic collective identity led to massive bloodshed,ethnic cleansing, and murder during the violent breakup of Yugoslavia(Judt and Snyder, 2012; Judt, 2006).

This perspective does not diminish the ontological importance ofstructures, systems, and ideologies in history. It simply forces thehistorian, like the social scientist, to be attentive to the problemof articulating the relationship that exists between actors andstructures. A system of norms, a property system, and a moral ideologyof feudal loyalty can all be understood as being both objectivelypresent at a time and place, and being ontologically dependent uponthe mental frameworks, actions, and relationships of the individualactors who make up these systems. This problem has been thoroughlydiscussed in the philosophy of social science under the rubric of"ontological individualism" (Zahle and Collin, 2014). Higher-levelsocial entities are indeed causally powerful in the social world; andthey depend entirely for their causal powers on the characteristics ofthe individual actors who constitute them. This is the requirement ofmicrofoundations: extended social structures and causes depend uponmicrofoundations at the level of the individuals who constitute them(Little 2017). In particular, we need to have some idea about howindividuals have been brought to think and act in the ways required bythe structures and ideologies in which they function as adults. Onthis approach, history is the result of the actions and thoughts ofvast numbers of actors, and institutions, structures, and norms arelikewise embodied in the actions and mental frameworks of historicallysituated individuals. Such an approach helps to inoculate us againstthe error of reification of historical structures, periods, or forces,in favor of a more disaggregated conception of multiple actors andshifting conditions of action. This is the conception to which we aredrawn when we understand history along the lines proposed byBloch.

This approach might be called "actor-centered history": we explain ahistorical moment or event when we have an account of what peoplethought and believed; what they wanted; and what social,institutional, and environmental conditions framed their choices. Itis a view of history that gives close attention to states ofknowledge, ideology, and agency, as well as institutions,organizations, and structures, and examines the actions and practicesof individuals as they lived their lives within these constraining andenabling circumstances. Further, it emphasizes the contingency andpath-dependency of history, and it acknowledges the fact ofheterogeneity of institutions, beliefs, and actions across time andplace.

Doing history also forces the historian to make choices about thescale of the history with which he or she is concerned. Supposewe are interested in Asian history. Are we concerned with Asia as acontinent, including China, India, Cambodia, and Japan, or the wholeof China during the Ming Dynasty, or Hubei Province? Or if we defineour interest in terms of a single important historical event like theChinese Revolution, are we concerned with the whole of the ChineseRevolution, the base area of Yenan, or the specific experience of ahandful of villages in Shandong during the 1940s? Given thefundamental heterogeneity of social life, the choice of scale makes animportant difference to the findings. e24fc04721