Radium Photos Download

I can't seem to find a photo of Edna hussman, Mollie Maggia, Kathrine Schaub, Albina Maggia Larence, Enda Hussman, Sarah Carlough Maillefer, Marguertie Carlough and mary ellen from the Radium Girls. I have seen photos oline with the Archives water mark but i am unable to find them. this is for an NHD project

In an era and region with few economic prospects for young women, the dial painters were grateful for their jobs (taking home an average of 1.5 cents per watch dial) and took pride in working with an exciting new substance. They would intentionally paint parts of themselves so they glowed, or wear their best dresses to work in hopes that they would shimmer all night long. Although the glow would last far longer than anyone expected, the excitement of working with radium did not.

From right, radium plant worker Kathryn (Annabel Showalter) talks about the funeral of another woman who had worked in the factory painting watch dials with self-luminous radium paint to her coworkers Grace Fryer (Ava Stevenson) and Irene (Payton Bystol) during the Verona Area High School theater department's production of "Radium Girls" on Thursday, March 3.

From right, Irene (Payton Bystol) is awaken by her coworkers Grace (Ava Stevenson) and Kathryn (Annabel Showalter) after passing out from radiation poising during the Verona Area High School theater department's production of "Radium Girls" on Thursday, March 3. Historically, the painters at the factory were told to straighten the points of their paintbrushes by putting them in their mouths, causing them to ingest deadly amounts of powdered radium that they had been previously promised was safe.

U.S. Radium company owner Arthur Roeder (Ruby Hicks) tells his wife Harriet (Julia Beardsley) about the possibilities with radium as they sit on their front porch during the Verona Area High School theater department's production of "Radium Girls" on Thursday, March 3.

From left, Grace Fryer (Ava Stevenson) asks for another complaint form for Kathryn (Annabel Showalter) who is experiencing severe symptoms they suspect is related to radium poisoning during the Verona Area High School theater department's production of "Radium Girls" on Thursday, March 3.

From left, Harriet Roeder (Julia Beardsley) confronts her husband Arthur (Ruby Hicks) about whether he knew he was purposely poisoning the women in his factory by knowing that radium was a dangerous chemical during the Verona Area High School theater department's production of "Radium Girls" on Thursday, March 3.

A reporter confronts former U.S. Radium company owner and paint inventor Dr. Von Sochocky (Devin Korolewicz) about the safety of radium, to which he admits that it's a dangerous chemical that should not be used, during the Verona Area High School theater department's production of "Radium Girls" on Thursday, March 3.

IT is interesting to note how pictures of the portions in relief on coins, medals, &c, can be obtained by means of radium rays. The coin or other object is placed directly in contact with a photographic plate which is enclosed in an envelope opaque to light. A few milligrams of radium bromide, contained in the usual mica-covered box, are placed some distance above the plate, and the whole left for several days. After development it is found that a clearly defined picture is obtained of the portions in relief on the under sides of the coins. Pictures have thus been obtained of the portions in relief on silver coins (half-crown, sixpence, threepence), also of a name engraved on a mother-of-pearl seal. Ten days was the time of exposure when ten milligrams of radium bromide were placed six inches above the plate, and the coin was a threepenny bit. Ten days also in the case of a half-crown when five milligrams were placed 11/2 inches above the plate.

Beginning in the 1910s and continuing through the 1920s, more than 3,000 girls and young women seized upon a new and unusual work opportunity: painting glow-in-the-dark numerals on the dials of watches, clocks and military equipment. The numerals glowed because the paint contained radium.

Because the work required fine detail to paint the tiny numbers, the factory supervisors instructed the women to lick their camel-hair brushes to a point before and after dipping the brushes in the radium paint. When some of the women inquired whether lip pointing, as the technique was known, was really safe, the supervisors assured them it was.

The women had little reason to doubt those assurances: Radium had been hailed as a miracle substance ever since Marie and Pierre Curie had discovered it in 1898. The stuff fizzed and gave off a mysterious blue-green light. Doctors used it to treat colds and cancers. Salesmen hawked radium face creams that would literally set the skin aglow and, they promised, extend the lives of those who used it.

In 1925, five of the women filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Radium Corporation (USRC), based in Orange, New Jersey. Apparently hoping that the plaintiffs would die by the time the trial began, the company lawyers tried various delay tactics. They argued that because the women had left the job several years before they fell ill, the radium paint could not have caused their ailments. The judge rejected their claims, and a hearing finally took place in 1928.

Enter 30-year-old physicist Elizabeth Hughes. As a former laboratory assistant in the radium section of NIST, then called the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), Hughes had just the right credentials. Hired in 1919, she had been tasked with calibrating sealed radium sources using a gold-leaf electroscope that her supervisor, physicist Noah Dorsey, had helped develop.

Hughes worked at the corporation for two years, measuring the amount of radioactivity in paint samples for quality control at the New Jersey plant. In 1922, she co-authored a journal article with her supervisor at the USRC, the renowned Austrian physicist Victor Hess, on rapid methods for measuring radium found in rocks and sediments.

On the witness stand in April 1928, Hughes testified that all workers and scientists alike should be protected from exposure to radium, noting that the radioactive material had burned the hands of almost everyone who had been in direct contact with the substance. At the NBS as well as at other research institutions, she testified, scientists were told to follow safety procedures when handling radioactive material. But in court, a critical question remained unasked: Why did those research institutions, so aware of the dangers of radioactive material, never warn the public or the radium-dial workers about the serious health effects?

This is a nice story about your experience with a radium-dial watch in the 1940s. We can't know the amount of radium that was in the paint. But the luminescence is caused by tiny tracks of alpha and beta particles in the zinc sulfide phosphor. Elizabeth Hughes demonstrated that the women were radioactive by having them blow their breath onto a zinc sulfide screen and observe the flashes of light from the decays. As in your example it was necessary for the observer to dark adapt in a dark room to see the scintillation flashes. A very small amount of radioactivity still gives a measurable light signal.

With war declared, working-class women all over the country entered the workforce. One of the most sought-after jobs for young girls and women in America involved something exciting and brand new: radium.[4] Sparkling, glowing, and beautiful, radium was also, according to the companies that employed these young women, completely harmless.

Radium was widely heralded as a wondrous new substance after it was first discovered by Marie Curie. Radium appeared to have an infinite number of uses, including making the numbers on clocks and watches easier to see. [5] Workers needed to coat the dials with radium paint, and the best and most efficient workers were women and girls, some as young as 14 or 15 years old. The United States Radium Corporation (USRC) and the Radiant Dial company employed hundreds of women in factories in New Jersey, Illinois, and Connecticut.[6] Being a dial-painter was a desirable job among these young women. The job paid well, provided financial and personal freedom, was pleasant and sociable, and came with a bonus perk: access to radium.[7] 5376163bf9

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