Elemental Geosystems (9th Edition) Pdf Free Download ~REPACK~

Neutron logs are routinely expressed as apparent neutron porosity based on the assumption of a freshwater-saturated homogeneous formation with solid composition equal to either sandstone, limestone, or dolomite. Rock formations are often extremely heterogeneous and consist of different minerals and fluids in varying proportions, which cause simultaneous matrix and fluid effects on neutron logs. Detailed quantification of formation mineral composition enables the correction of matrix effects on measured neutron logs to unmask fluid effects; this in turn enables accurate quantification of porosity and water saturation. Neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy is one of the most direct means available to quantify in situ formation mineralogy but available spectroscopy-based interpretation methods are usually tool dependent and incorporate empirical correlations. We have developed a new interpretation method to quantify mineral concentrations through the joint nonlinear matrix inversion of measured spectroscopy elemental weight concentrations and matrix-sensitive logs, such as gamma ray, matrix photoelectric factor, matrix sigma (neutron capture cross section), and matrix density. The estimated mineralogy was used in the correction of matrix effects on porosity logs and subsequent calculation of true formation porosity. The water saturation was quantified through joint petrophysical interpretation of matrix-corrected porosities and resistivity measurements using an appropriate saturation model. The developed inversion-based interpretation method is applicable to a wide range of formation lithologies, well trajectories, and borehole environments (including open and cased hole environments), and it is independent of tool and neutron source type. Verification results with synthetic and field cases confirm that the spectroscopy-based algorithm is reliable and accurate in the quantification of mineral concentrations, matrix properties, porosity, and hydrocarbon saturation.

Reconstructing intermediate and bottom water temperature in the Arctic Ocean is key for understanding paleoclimatic phenomena, such as the region's interactions with warm Atlantic waters, stratification, and sea ice dynamics. However, benthic proxy archives are sparse throughout the Arctic circle compared to lower latitudes. Trace element ratios (E/Ca) derived from ostracodes, a group of bivalved microscopic crustaceans, have shown promise in this regard. Samples for E/Ca measurements typically require rigorous cleaning prior to analysis, and signs of contamination are routinely monitored through the presence of other trace elements such as Al, Fe, and Mn, which are associated with suspected sources of overprinting. However, there has not yet been an intra valve investigation of all of these trace elements, which may hinder our ability to effectively identify geochemical overprinting. Here, we present several elemental concentration and E/Ca ratio measurements in two ostracode genera, Krithe and Polycope, extracted from Chukchi Sea sediment samples. We further investigate the intra valve distribution of elements within single shells of adult and juvenile specimens using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Our findings suggest that brushing and bleach treatments may not be effective for completely eliminating clays from the edges of valves, which can bias paleoclimatologically relevant trace element proxies such as Mg/Ca ratios, particularly in the case of incomplete or small samples with low amounts of calcite material. In addition, we report the first trace element data from the genus Polycope, which shows potential as a new Arctic paleotemperature archive.

Elemental Geosystems (9th Edition) Pdf Free Download

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Marine calcifiers incorporate many major and trace elements very systematically depending on physical and chemical ambient seawater conditions. This includes elements such as boron that are highly diagnostic for reconstructing the state of the carbon cycle, and hence atmospheric CO2. However, the resulting elemental ratios and isotopic compositions observed in such marine biogenic calcite not only depend on the location of sampling but also on the biology of the respective organism. For example, foraminifera incorporate various major and minor elements differently compared with cold-water corals, yet the species-specific internal variability observed in these marine organisms is systematic.

One important aspect of the research carried out within the Marine Geosystems group is the assessment to which degree an elemental or isotopic composition within certain species differs from local seawater compositions and to detect the controlling factors in setting this offset. Once the biological factor has been quantified, many marine calcifiers can be used to create marine records ranging from short (decadal) to very long (multi-millennial).

Trace elemental analyses of Suspended Sediments in the San Francisco Estuary and its tidal marshes. F. Malamud-Roam, F.L. Ingram, J. Collins. American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA; December 2004.

Spatial and temporal elemental fingerprinting in juvenile Sacramento splittail otoliths as implication for migratory patterns. G. Zhang, S.J. The. In: Getting results: integrating science and management to achieve system-level responses.CALFED Bay-Delta Program Science Conference, 3rd biennial, Sacramento, CA; October 2004. 9af72c28ce