Researchers from the California PATH program-a collaboration by the University of California and the California DOT-designed their system to prevent drivers from being broadsided by vehicles on cross streets or making left turns when oncoming vehicles are approaching. The system uses a combination of millimeter wave and laser radar sensors, plus in-pavement loops to detect other vehicles. A wireless communication system that operates in the 5.9 gigahertz band, and is dedicated to highway communications, transmits information from the sensors to a computer located at the roadside.
Virginia Tech's infrastructure-only approach uses an IDS (infrastructureto- vehicle communication) system to alert drivers of an imminent traffic signal violation. Using a signal controller to provide information about signal phase and timing, sensors detect a vehicle's location and speed, and the IDS system determines whether a vehicle will cross into an intersection during the red light phase of a traffic signal. If the system predicts a violation, an electronic stop sign hanging between the traffic signal heads illuminates as a warning to the violating driver approaching the intersection. Virginia Tech's infrastructure-cooperative system contains the following components: a roadside traffic signal controller that provides information about signal phase and timing, an infrastructure-to-vehicle communications system, an in-vehicle global positioning system (GPS) receiver and associated roadway map representation, and an in-vehicle computer and driver-vehicle interface. With the information provided by these components, the system recognizes that the driver is not going to stop for the red light, then emits an audible tone and displays a stop sign icon on the dashboard to alert the driver to a hazardous situation.
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The AAAV uses a miniature atomizer to create a fine mist that coats the electronics with a thin coat of insulating liquid, Oldland said. This film vaporizes, carrying away the heat. The vapor then condenses back into liquid form and is pumped back to the atomizer for re-use. 2351a5e196