Affiliation and Official Contact Information
Work: Istanbul Technical University – The Faculty of Mines – Department of Geophysical Engineering
Address: ITU Maslak-Ayazağa Campus, 34469, Sarıyer–Istanbul–Türkiye
Room: E-308
E-mail: eken@itu.edu.tr (official)
ekentuna@gmail.com (personal)
Official URL: https://akademi.itu.edu.tr/eken/Tuna-Eken/
Education
BA: Istanbul University, Geophysical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey (1995-1999).
M.S: Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory & Earthquake Research Institute (2001-2004).
PhD: Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Geophysics Department (2004-2009)
About me ...
I am a geophysicist at the Department of Geophysical Engineering of Istanbul Technical University. Mysterious deeper sections of the earth that are not directly accessible via drilling make me always excited. Seismology provides great imaging tools for this purpose as changing from being diagnostic at first sight to sophisticated .
My research firstly focuses on revealing physical properties of deep earth’s interiors including crust and mantle from the current snap shot images. To achieve this I do perform well-establish or brand-new of seismic imaging techniques (e.g. S-waves splitting measurements/modelling, receiver function analyses, seismic coda waves modelling and ambient noise interferometry, etc.). Second stage of this adventure involves an understanding of what possible type of evolution of tectonic setting can explain present-day geophysical observations within the light of geological, geochemical, and numerical calculations of possible geodynamic processes. Several regions as an example of active and passive stable tectonics settings (e.g. Eastern Mediterrenean and Anatolia, Northeast Tibet, Pamir-Hindu Kush, Fennoscandian Shield, etc.) have been among my study areas.
Professional Career (Employment History)
Editorial Board Member of the Journal of Seismology (2025-present)
Editorial Board Member of the Discover Hazards (2025-present)
Editorial Board Member of the Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (2024-present)
Editor of the Pure and Applied Geophysics (2022-present)
Vice Dean at Faculty of Mines (2021-present)
Associate Professor – (2020)
Assistant Professor – Istanbul Technical University – The Faculty of Mines – Department of Geophysical Engineering (2014)
Postoctoral Researcher: Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Fellow (2011-2013) at Seismology Section of GeoForschungsZentrum, GFZ-Potsdam
Postoctoral Researcher – The Young Investigators Group (The Helmholtz Foundation) (2010 – 2011) at GeoForschungsZentrum, GFZ-Potsdam
Visiting Researcher: September, 2009 – 2010 at Geophysical Institute of Czech Republic
Research Assistant: August, 2004 – 2009 at Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Geophysics Department, Sweden
Research Assistant: May, 2002 – August, 2004 at Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Inst. (KOERI), Department of Geophysics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Türkiye
Teaching
JEF310E Geodynamics (Undergraduate)
JEF331E Electromagnetic Prospecting (Undergraduate)
JEF344E Geophysical Measurements (Undergraduate)
MAT202E Numerical Methods (Undergraduate)
JFM 608E Special Topics in Seismology (Graduate)
Awards, Scholarships, Grants ...
Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Alumni Program-Short Stay Research Grant (2018)
Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Alumni Program Grant for Equipment Subsidy (2015-2017)
Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Foundation Research Fellowships for Postdoctoral Researchers Fellow (2011-2013)
Travel and accommodation grant as a Postdoctoral Fellow (July 2013) – Cooperative Institute for Dynamic Earth Research (CIDER)
Postdoctoral fellowship (2010-2011) within of frame of the Young Investigators Group (The Helmholtz Foundation).
Travel grant to attend EGU-2008 meeting in Vienna (Liljewalchs resestipendium, Date: 2008-May-12).
PhD scholarship - Uppsala University, Sweden (2004-2009)
Hopes ...
Graduate Students (at present)
Başak Işık (Prospective PhD candidate)
Hazal Aygün (Master candidate)
Former Graduate Students (Supervised)
Buse Turunçtur (now PhD candidate at Australian National University)
Gizem İzgi (now PhD candidate at Potsdam University)
Güniz Büşra Yalçın (now at the Institute of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA)
Berkan Özkan (currently PhD candidate in our group)
Graduate Students in co-operation
Dr. Judith Confal (now Postdoctoral Researcher at INGV)
Ceyhun Erman (now PhD candidate at ITU)
Dr. Andrea Licciardi (now Postdoctoral Researcher at University of Côte d'Azur, Géoazur)
Dr. Debasis Mohanty (now Senior Researcher at CSIR-NEIST India)
Felipe Vera (now PhD candidate at GFZ-Seismology Section, Potsdam, Germany)
Publications
2025
• Rappisi, F., Lo Bue, R., Vanderbeek, B. P., Confal, J. M., Erman, C., Baccheschi, P., Pondrelli, S.., Eken, T., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Faccenda, M. (2025). 3‐D mantle flow and structure of the Mediterranean from combined P‐wave and splitting intensity anisotropic tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 130, e2024JB030883. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030883
• Confal, J.M., Taymaz, T., Eken, T., Bezada, M.J., Faccenda, M. (2025). Remnant Tethyan Slab Fragments Beneath Northern Türkiye. EPSL – Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 664, 119458, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119458
• Erman, C., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Eken, T., Huang, Z., Taymaz, T. (2025). Seismic Anisotropy Variations in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Region Revealed by Splitting Intensity Tomography: Implications on Mantle Dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) – Solid Earth, Vol. 130(3), e2024JB030331. Received 18 September 2024, Revised 8 February 2025, Accepted 11 March 2025, Available Online March-April 2025, Issue Online March-April 2025, Issue Published March-April 2025.
2024
• Özkan, B., Eken, T., Gaebler, P., Taymaz, T. (2024). Coda-Derived Source Properties Estimated Using Local Earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. Solid Earth, 15, 1303–1317, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1303-2024
• Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Taymaz, T., Irmak, T.S., Erman, C., Kahraman, M., Özkan, B., Eken, T., Öcalan, T., Doğan, A.H., Altuntaş, C. (2024). Source Geometry and Rupture Characteristics of the 20 February 2023 Mw 6.4 Hatay (Türkiye) Earthquake at Southwest Edge of the East Anatolian Fault. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 25(10), e2023GC011353, https:// doi.org/10.1029/2023GC011353. Received 13 November 2023, Revised 29 July 2024, Accepted 28 September 2024, Published Online 15 October 2024, Issue Published October 2024.
• Delph, J.R., Darin, M.H., Whitney, D.L., Cosca, M.A., Teyssier, C., Kaymakcı, N., Eken, T., Reid, M.R., and Beck, S.L. (2024). Deep lithospheric controls on surface deformation and seismicity around the East Anatolian Fault Zone and A3 Triple Junction: GSA Today, v. 34, p. 4–12, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG584A.1.
• Keleş, D., Eken, T., Licciardi, A., Frederiksen, A. W., & Taymaz, T. (2024). Depth‐dependent anisotropy along northwest segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone: Evidence for paleo‐tectonic structures contributing to overall complexity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129, e2023JB028014. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB028014
• Izgi, G., Eken, T., Gaebler, P., Kaya-Eken, T., Taymaz, T. (2024). Frequency-Dependent Shear Wave Attenuation Along the Central Anatolia Region, Türkiye. Solid Earth, Vol. 15(6), 657-669, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-657-2024
• Sun, Y-S, Melgar, D., Ruiz-Angulo, A., Ganas, A., Taymaz, T., Crowell, B., Xu, X., Tsironi, V., Karasante, I., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Erman, C., Irmak, T.S., Çubuk-Sabuncu, Y., Eken, T. (2024) The 2020 Mw 7.0 Samos (Eastern Aegean Sea) Earthquake: joint source inversion of multi-type data, and tsunami modeling, Geophysical Journal International, ggae082, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggae082
2023
• Zhang, Y., Tang, X., Liu, D., Taymaz, T., Eken, T., Guo, R., Zheng, Y., Wang, J., Sun, H. (2023). Geometric controls on cascading rupture of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet. Nature Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01283-3
• Melgar, D., Taymaz, T., Ganas, A., Crowell, B., Öcalan, T., Kahraman, M., Tsironi, V., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Valkaniotis, S., Irmak, T. S., Eken, T., Erman, C., Özkan, B., Dogan, A. H., & Altuntaş, C. (2023). Sub- and super-shear ruptures during the 2023 Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.6 earthquake doublet in SE Türkiye. Seismica, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v2i3.387
• Yilmaz, A., Topuz, G., Eken, T., Candan, O., and Yilmaz, H. (2023). Geology of the Eastern Anatolian Plateau (Turkey): a synthesis, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences: Vol. 32: No. 4, Article 2. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1854
• Turunctur, B., Eken, T., Chen, Y., Taymaz, T., Houseman, G.A, and Saygin, E. (2023). Crustal velocity images of north-western Turkey along the North Anatolian Fault Zone from transdimensional Bayesian ambient seismic noise tomography. Geophysical Journal International, ggad082, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad082.
2022
• Erman, C., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Eken, T., Tilmann, F., Keleş, D., and Taymaz, T. (2022). Constraints on the Lithospheric Kinematics in the Aegean and Western Anatolia Unveiled by SKS Splitting Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 127, e2022JB025265, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB025265.
• Tiwari, A.K., Singh, A., Saikia, D., Singh, C., and Eken, T. (2022). Crustal anisotropy beneath southeastern Tibet inferred from directional dependence of receiver functions, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2022.106912.
• Taymaz, T., Ganas, A., Berberian, M., Eken, T., Irmak, T.S., Kapetanidis, V., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Erman, C., Keleş, D., Esmaeili, C., Tsironi, V., Özkan, B. (2022). The 23 February 2020 Qotur-Ravian Earthquake Doublet at the Iranian-Turkish Border: Seismological and InSAR Evidence for Escape Tectonics, Tectonophysics, Vol. 838, TECTO15364-229482, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229482, Received 12 November 2021, Revised 24 June 2022, Accepted 06 July 2022, Available online 10 July 2022, Issue Published 5 September 2022.
• Jana, N., Singh, C., Singh A., Eken, T., Dubey, AK., Dutta, A., Gupta, AK. (2022). Lithospheric architecture below the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt and adjoining Archean Cratons: imprints of India-Antarctica collisional tectonics, Gondwana Research, Volume 111, pages:209-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.08.009.
• Taymaz, T., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Irmak, T.S., Vera, F., Liu, C., Eken, T., Zhang, Z., Erman, C., Keleş, D. (2022). Kinematics of the 30 October 2020 Mw 7.0 Néon Karlovásion (Samos) Earthquake in the Eastern Aegean Sea: Implications on Source Characteristics and Dynamic Rupture Simulations, Tectonophysics, Received 05 May 2021, Revised 21 December 2021, Accepted 12 January 2022, Available online January 2022, Issue Published 2022.
2021
• Eken, T., Qashqai, M.T., Schiffer., C., Taymaz, T., Saygin, E. (2021). New insights into crustal properties of Anatolia and its surroundings inferred from P-coda autocorrelation inversions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126, e2021JB023184, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB023184.
• Irmak, T.S., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Eken, T., Doğan, B., Erman, C., Yavuz, E., Alçık, H., Gaebler, P., Pınar, A., Taymaz, T. (2021). Source Characteristics and Seismotectonic Implications of 26 September 2019 Silivri (High)-Kumburgaz Basin Earthquake (Mw 5.7) and Evaluation of its Aftershocks at the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Central Marmara Sea, NW Turkey), Geophysical Journal International, Volume 227, Issue 1, October 2021, Pages 383–402, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab233
• Arvin, S., Sobouti, F., Priestley, K., Ghods, A., Motaghi, K., Tilmann, F., and Eken, T. (2021). Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation in NW Iran inferred from splitting measurements of SK(K)S and direct S phases, Geophysical Journal International, Volume 226, Issue 2, August 2021, Pages 1417–1431, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab181
• Jana, N., Singh, A., Tiwari, A.K., Eken, T., Singh, A., Singh, C., Shankar, U. (2021). Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation beneath Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt using direct-S waves, Precambrian Research, Volume 360, 106215. Link.
• Taymaz, T., Ganas, A., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Vera, F., Eken, T., Erman, C., Keleş, D., Kapetanidis, V., Valkaniotis, S., Karasante, I., Tsironi, V., Gaebler, P., Melgar, D., Ocalan, T. (2021). Source Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol-Sivrice Earthquake obtained from Seismological Waveform Analysis and Space Geodetic Observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey), Tectonophysics, 804, 228745, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228745
2020
• Wang, H., Huang, Z., Eken, T., Keleş, D., Kaya-Eken, T., Confal, J. M., Erman, C., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Zhao, D., Taymaz, T. (2020). Isotropic and anisotropic P wave velocity structures of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Turkey. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 125, e2020JB019566. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB019566 Link.
• Confal, J., Bezada, M.J., Eken, T., Faccenda, M., Saygin, E., and Taymaz, T. (2020). Influence of Upper Mantle Anisotropy on Isotropic P‐ Wave Tomography Images Obtained in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 125, Issue: 8, e2019JB018559. Link.
• Izgi, G., Eken, T., Gaebler, P., Eulenfeld, T., and Taymaz, T. (2020). Crustal seismic attenuation parameters in the western region of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Journal of Geodynamics, volume 134, 101694. Link.
2019
• Eken, T. (2019). Moment magnitude estimates for central Anatolian earthquakes using coda waves. Solid Earth, 10, 713-723, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-713-2019. Link
• Gaebler, P., Eken, T., Bektaş, H.Ö., Eulenfeld, T., Wegler, U. and Taymaz, T. (2019). Imaging of Shear Wave Attenuation Along the Central part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey, Journal of Seismology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-019-09842-1. Link.
• Schiffer, C., Eken, T., Rondenay, S., Taymaz, T. (2019). Localised crustal deformation along the central North Anatolian Fault Zone revealed by joint inversion of P-receiver functions and P-wave polarisations. Geophysical Journal International, Volume 217, Issue 1, 1 April 2019, Pages 682–702. doi:10.1093/gji/ggz040. Link
2018
• Kufner, S.-K., Eken, T., Tilmann, F., Schurr, B., Yuan, X., Mechie, J., Sippl, C., Schneider, F. (2018). Seismic anisotropy beneath the Pamir and the Hindu Kush: Evidence for contributions from crust, mantle lithosphere, and asthenosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123, Accepted 10 November 2018, Available online 14 November 2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015926. Link
• Confal, J., Faccenda, M., Eken, T., and Taymaz, T. (2018). Numerical Simulation of 3-D Mantle Flow Evolution in Subduction Zone Environments in Relation to Seismic Anisotropy Beneath the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL), Vol. 497, 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.06.005. Link
• Tiwari A.T., Bhushan, K., Eken, T., Singh, A. (2018). Upper mantle dynamics of Bangladesh by splitting analysis of core-mantle refracted SKS, PKS, and SKKS phases, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (PEPI), Vol. 279, 21-32. Link
• A.Licciardi, T. Eken, T. Taymaz, N. Piana Agostinetti, S. Yolsal-Çevikbilen (2018). Seismic anisotropy in central North Anatolian Fault Zone and its implications on crustal deformation, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (PEPI), Vol. 277, 99-112, Accepted 26 January 2018, On-Line 06 February 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2018.01.012. Link
2017
• Tiwari, A. K., Singh, A., Eken, T., and Singh, C. (2017). Seismic anisotropy inferred from direct S-wave-derived splitting measurements and its geodynamic implications beneath southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Solid Earth, 8, 435-452, doi:10.5194/se-8-435-2017, 2017. Link
• Saltogianni, V., Taymaz, T., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Eken, T., Moschas, F. and Stiros, S. (2017). Fault Model for the 2015 Leucas (Aegean Arc) Earthquake: Analysis Based on Seismological and Geodetic Observations. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 433–444. doi: 10.1785/0120160080. Link
2016
• Confal, J., Eken, T., Tilmann, F., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Çubuk-Sabuncu, Y., Saygin, E., and Taymaz, T. (2016). Investigation of mantle kinematics beneath the Hellenic-subduction zone with teleseismic direct shear waves. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 261, 141–151, doi: 10.1016/j.pepi.2016.10.01. Link
• Singh, A., Eken, T., Mohanty, D.D., Saikia, D., Singh, C., Kumar, M.R. (2016). Significant seismic anisotropy beneath southern Tibet inferred from splitting of direct S-waves. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 250, 1–11. Link
2015
• Kind, R., Eken, T., Tilmann, F., Sodoudi, F., Taymaz, T., Bulut, F., Xuan, X., Can, B. and Schneider, F. (2015). Thickness of the lithosphere beneath Turkey and surroundings from S-receiver functions. Solid Earth, 6, 971-984. Link
2014
• Vinnik, L., Oreshin, S., Makeyeva, L., Peregoudov, D ., Kozlovskaya, E., Pedersen, H., Plomerova, J., Achauer, U., Kissling, E., Sanina, I., Jamsen, T., Silvennoinen, H., Pequegnat, C., Hurskainen, R., Guiguet, R., Hausmann, H., Jedlicka, P., Aleshin, I., Bourova, E., Bodvarsson, R., Bruckl, E., Eken, T., Heikkinen, P., Houseman, G., Johnsen, H., Kremenetskaya, E., Komminaho, K., Munzarova, H., Roberts, R., Ruzek, B., Shomali, H., Schweitzer, J., Shaumyan, A., Vecsey, L. and Volosov, S. (2014). Anisotropic lithosphere under the Fennoscandian shield from P receiver functions and SKS waveforms of the POLENET/LAPNET array. Tectonophysics, 628, 45-54. Link
• Eken, T. and Tilmann, F. (2014). The use of direct shear waves in quantifying seismic anisotropy: Reference station technique applied on the Northeastern Tibet. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 104, 2644-2661. Link
2013
• Kind, R., Sodoudi, F., Yuan, X., Shomali, H., Eken, T., Tilmann, F., Balling, B., Jacobsen, B.H., Bianchi, M., Kumar, P. and Geissler, W. (2013). Scandinavia - a former Tibet?. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14 (10), 4479-4487. Link
• Eken, T., Tilmann, F., Mechi, J., Zhao, W., Kind, R., Su, H., Xue, G. and Karplus, M. (2013). Seismic Anisotropy from SKS splitting beneath Northeastern Tibet. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 103, 3362-3371. Link
• Bohnhoff, M., Bulut, F., Dresen, G., Malin, P., Eken, T. and Aktar, M. (2013). An earthquake gap south of Istanbul. Nature Communications, 4, 1999. Link
• Eken, T., Bohnhoff, M., Bulut, F., Can, B., and Aktar, M. (2013). Crustal anisotropy in the Eastern Sea of Marmara region in NW Turkey. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 103 (2A), 911-924. Link
2012
• Bulut, F., Bohnhoff, M., Eken, T., Janssen, C., Kılıç, T., and Dresen, G. (2012). The East Anatolian Fault Zone: Seismotectonic setting and spatiotemporal characteristics of seismicity based on precise earthquake locations. Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth. 117 (B7), 2156-2202. Link
• Eken, T., Plomerová, J., Vecsey, l., Babuška, V., Roberts, R., Shomali, H. and Bodvarsson, B. (2012). Effects of seismic anisotropy on P-velocity tomography of the Baltic Shield. Geophysical Journal International, 188 (2), 600-612. Link
2011
• Dündar, S., Kind, R., Yuan, X., Bulut, F., Sodoudi, F., Heit, B., Kumar, P., Li, X., Hanka, W., Martin, R., Stiller, M., Eken, T., Bianchi, M., Buforn, E., and Davila, J.M. (2011). Receiver function images of the base of the lithosphere in the Alboran Sea region. Geophysical Journal International, 187 (2), 1019-1026. Link
2010
• Eken, T., Plomerová, J., Roberts, R., Vecsey, l., Babuška, V., Shomali, H. and Bodvarsson, B. (2010). Seismic anisotropy of the mantle lithosphere beneath the Swedish National Seismological Network (SNSN). Tectonophysics, 480 (1-4), 241-258. Link
2008
• Eken, T., Shomali, H., Roberts, R., Hieronymus, C. and Bodvarsson, R. (2008). S and P velocity heterogeneities within the upper mantle below the Baltic Shield. Tectonophysics, 462 (1-4), 109-124. Link
2007
• Eken T., Shomali, H., Roberts, R. and Bodvarsson, R. (2007). Upper Mantle Structure of the Baltic Shield Resolved by Teleseismic Tomography along the Swedish National Seismological Network (SNSN). Geophysical Journal International, 169, 617-630. Link
2006
• Riedel, C., Tryggvason, A., Bransdottir, B., Dahm, T., Stefansson, R., Hensch, M.,Bodvarsson, R., Vokfjord, K.S., Jakobsdottir, S., Eken, T., Herber, R., Holmjarn, J., Schnese, M., Thölen, M., Hofmann, B., Sigurdsson, B. and Winter, S. (2006). First results from the North Iceland experiment. Marine Geophysical Researches, 27 (4), 267-281. Link
2004
• Eken T., Mayeda, K., Hofstetter, A., Gok, R., Orgulu, G. and Turkelli, N. (2004). An Application of the Coda Methodology for Moment-Rate Spectra Using Broadband Stations in Turkey. Geophysical Research Letters, 31 (11), L11609. Link
2003
• Turkelli, N., Sandvol, E., Zor, E., Gok, R., Bekler, T., Al-Lazki, A., Karabulut, H., Kuleli, S., Eken,T., Gurbuz, C., Bayraktutan, S., Seber, D. and Barazangi, M. (2003). Seismogenic Zones in Eastern Turkey. Geophysical Research Letters, 30 (24), 8039. Link