Although the standard cosmological model now appears to be established, we are still far from a complete understanding of the early Universe: the actual mechanism of inflation is still unknown, we do not know how the Universe has evolved after inflation in the early Universe either, and several issues/tensions raised from observational data are now under debate. In this mini-workshop, we gather to discuss future directions towards the understanding of the early Universe, related fundamental issues and even more. To have in-depth discussions and stimulate collaborations, the workshop is organized such that the participants can interact with each other and have ample time for discussion.