This module offers student enable to learn cytological bases of inheritance, chemical bases of heredity, protein synthesis, vhromosomal sberrations, rxtranuclear inheritance and mutation.

Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes. Changes that affect the number and/or structure of the chromosomes can cause problems with growth, development, and how the body functions. Changes to chromosome structure can disrupt genes, causing the proteins made from disrupted genes to be missing or faulty. Depending on size, location, and timing, structural changes in chromosomes can lead to birth defects, syndromes or even cancer.