When gloomy skies stretch beyond the horizon, it can be tough to believe that there is sunshine lying beyond them. But, of course, a cloudy day, or week, or even month, does not mean that the sun has forgotten how to shine. My negative thoughts and emotions will eventually give way to the happiness and normality that I am lucky enough to experience most of the time.

Would anyone actually be able to connect with this? Or would it just sound like the ramblings of someone who could better direct his energy toward his upcoming exams? But then I realised that reading accounts like this in the past had always been an effective coping strategy for me, a part of my umbrella.

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We're always on the lookout for new pieces! Whether you fancy yourself the Shakespeare of medical school, or you're just looking for a more productive outlet for procrastination, we're always interested in seeing your work. Send us your brilliant creations and you might just be a published author in no time!

Welcome to the Honey Bee Stamps and Ellen Hutson SUNSHINE blog hop! You should have arrived here from the blog of the lovely, Nichol. If you are starting the hop on my blog be sure to go to the Honey Bee Stamps blog or Ellen Hutson Classroom to hop along from the beginning!

I have absolutely fallen in love with the Sending Sunshine stamp and die set designed by Honey Bee Stamps for Ellen Hutson, as well as some coordinating items from Honey Bee stamps! I created quite a few cards using this new release in no time at all. Let me show you a few.

I assembled the layers using a paper fastener (aka brad) which allows the top two layers to spin around. My daughter who loves her fidget spinner, loved playing with this card and I think it would be great for any tween or teen!

To make the box I followed THIS tutorial which was super easy! I covered the front flap with strips of colored cardstock and then trimmed away any excess. I took some Nuvo Moonstone glimmer paste and spread a thin layer over all the cardstock strips and let try. Once the glitter was dry I cut a cloud border using the Honey Bee Stamps cloud border dies and glued to the bottom of the rainbow. I cut this from white glitter cardstock and I also cut pieces to go around the outside of the box. the inside of the box has 4 layers and in between the front flap and the first layer I attached a bit of cotton to give a fluffy cloud look.

The back panel of the box card is the sunburst cover plate die cut pieces together and glued on that back piece. This gave the box extra stability too. I set the almost finished box aside and went to work on some cute planner clips for a friend who loves to decorate in her planner.

Because this can be quite bulky I thought about making a band of sorts to go around the closed box for mailing. I took a piece of 1212 cardstock and wrapped it around the box to make sure it fit ok and then using a heavy-duty tape I glued the two ends together.

To decorate the band I stamped a sentiment using the Sending Sunshine stamp set, Ray of sunshine stamp, The happiness stamp set and the simple sentiments stamp set. I also cut a cloud using the stitched cloud border dies and The sun is just from a circle die cut.

Looking out on the National Mall from the offices at the Department of Energy on a brilliant summer day, it's easy to see why sunlight is a popular choice for producing electricity. However, that same view on a drizzly day in March illustrates a major problem. Clouds hamper solar panels. And it isn't just the weather.

The time of day affects panels, with more light beaming down around lunchtime than earlier or later in the day, and no energy produced at night. The calendar also plays a role; shorter winter days mean less energy. Add in the light-blocking nature of surrounding buildings, and the challenge becomes clear.

Yet these challenges have not kept solar power from the energy stage. Scientific innovations funded by the Department of Energy have helped lift the efficiency of conventional silicon-based panels to almost 20 percent, a dramatic step up from the first experiments in the 1880s. And the efficiency of panels is rising.

At national labs, universities, and specially designated collaborative centers called Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) where scientists dedicate several years to foundational questions, researchers funded by the DOE's Office of Science develop new ideas, new materials, and new designs to continue to push solar energy to take center stage. Here are five ways that these scientists are taking on the challenges?

1. Let the sunshine in. In countless images, you see light glinting off of solar panels. While it makes a cool photo, it means that the panel's surface is bouncing that energy away instead of absorbing it and using it to create electricity. Coatings can reduce the glare, but scientists at DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University in New York bypassed films entirely and directly etched a texture onto the light-absorbing silicon. The texture was inspired by the eyes of common moths, which collect vast amounts of low light but don't reflect that light and give the creature's position away to nearby predators. Carved at the nanoscale, the nature-inspired texture stops reflections and results in cells that perform far better than those with a single antireflective film.

2. Let it go. Sunlight strikes the silicon wafer in a solar cell and frees electrons that then zip to the nearest electrode, producing an electrical current that can power computers, brew coffee, and bake a croissant. However, not all of the freed electrons make it to the electrode. "Hot" electrons that are just a bit more excited by the sunlight than others fall back into the silicon and release a bit of heat and light, which hurts the overall efficiency. However, if that light escapes, it boosts the cell's output, or voltage.

"It is completely counterintuitive," admits Harry Atwater, who works at the Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion Center, an EFRC led by Caltech. After years of research, Atwater along with his colleagues Eli Yablonovitch and Owen Miller at Berkeley Lab showed that the best solar cells are also the best light emitters.

3. Walking on perovskite. Silicon, the go-to material in solar panels, is something of a prima donna. To work, the silicon must be shaped into an ultrapure wafer, an energy-intense process. Enter perovskite, a much more laid-back choice. While myriad reports exist on how to manufacture solar cells with new materials with this crystal structure, scientists at Cornell University along with their colleagues found a way to grow the perovskite films in just a few minutes by deleting the troubling iodine salts. The result is an ultrasmooth and almost pinhole-free film. Perovskite panels could reduce energy payback to a mere 2 to 3 months.

4. Get the lead out. Lead is the key in the leading [no pun intended] perovskite solar cells. At the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, an EFRC led by Northwestern University, scientists took on the challenge of removing the element by revising the formula to use nontoxic tin. As an added bonus, the cells can be "tuned" to capture more colors of light than silicon. The new perovskite converts only 6 percent of the energy it receives into electricity, but scientists expect to get the efficiency well into the double digits fairly soon. That, coupled with a better manufacturing process, may result in perovskite materials becoming the new silicon.

At the Center for Solar Fuels, an EFRC based at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, scientists reimagined the electricity-producing solar panel as a miniature fuel refinery. The refinery's design is reminiscent of an clair with sprinkles. At the center is a tin-based material; it is wrapped in a thin shell made from the same compound that gives sunscreen its white pigment, titanium dioxide. The shell is sprinkled with molecules made of light-catching chromophores and catalysts that lower the amount of energy needed to create hydrogen fuel. When exposed to sunlight, all of the parts of this wrapped-up refinery work together to create hydrogen fuel from water, essentially storing sunlight's energy for those long winter nights.

More efficient, more affordable solar panels that could provide use-any-time fuel would benefit far more than you, me, and our local power company. Such panels would reduce the carbon pollution that causes climate change worldwide, reducing both human suffering and economic damage. These innovative panels will also help drive a domestic energy economy.

The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic energy research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information please visit

It was cold and cloudy. Campus was still being cleaned up after a December ice storm. Nevertheless, atop Pacific Hall, a scientist from the United Arab Emirates installed a small breadbox-sized device to monitor solar radiation from the sun.

Oregon's winters have particular qualities that make this a good testbed for the prototype device, which measures the solar radiation that gets through the atmosphere to fall on things like photoelectric panels or mirrors. And the region's clouds and rain interfere with the sun's rays much the same way dust blots out the sun's radiation in the UAE, said Peter Armstrong of the Abu Dhabi-based Masdar Institute.

"In some countries there are a lot of aerosols in the air," said Frank Vignola, head of the UO's Solar Radiation Monitoring Laboratory. "Performance of solar power decreases with increasing aerosols. This new equipment is designed to more accurately determine the sunlight that can be captured."

Armstrong, a mechanical engineering professor, also has installed one at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, where he previously had worked for 15 years, in Richland, Washington. The two U.S. sites are among 10 locations around the world that will eventually deploy pilot versions of the device as Armstrong tests the technology before a commercial version is built. 152ee80cbc

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