Yandex Taxi (Russian: , romanized: Yandeks Taksi; stylised as Yandex.Taxi) is an international company operating taxi hailing and food delivery services across Russia, the CIS, Eastern Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. It is owned by Russian tech company Yandex.[1] The company is among the world's leading developers of self-driving technology.[2]
Yandex.Taxi was founded by Yandex N.V., a Russian multinational company that operates a search engine, an Internet portal, and about 70 other online services in multiple countries.[3] Sometimes described as the Russian Google,[4] Amazon, Uber and Spotify[5], Yandex has been listed on the NASDAQ since 2011. The company focuses on developing machine learning-based technologies. Yandex.Taxi is a separate, private limited liability company within Yandex Group, incorporated in the Netherlands as Yandex.Taxi B.V.
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The Yandex.Taxi or also named Yango ride-hailing services operates in more than 1,000 cities, including 300 large cities across Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Lithuania, Serbia, Israel, Ivory Coast, Finland, Ghana,[6] Romania, Norway, and Bolivia.[7] More than 700,000[8] drivers are connected to the network.
The food-tech arm of the company includes food delivery service Yandex.Eats, the super-fast grocery delivery service Yandex.Lavka,[9][10] and the meal-kit service Yandex.Chef, previously known as Partiya Edy (Russian: "Food Party"). As of 2019, the Yandex.Lavka food delivery service is available through the Yandex.Taxi app, and operates in Russia, Uzbekistan as well as Kazakhstan.[11]
In April 2022, Yandex.Taxi was banned in Estonia due to the Russian government's requirement that it share users' personal data with the government. Estonia encouraged other EU countries to sanction the company as well.[13]
In June 2017, Yandex.Taxi released a video demonstrating its driverless car technology.[15] The prototype vehicle was a Toyota Prius hybrid hatchback equipped with an Nvidia GTX graphics processor and a LiDAR optical distance sensor by Velodyne.[16]
In November 2022, Yandex launched shared rides for users from Moscow and St. Petersburg. The trip can be shared with a fellow traveler if you select the "Together" option in the Yandex Go application.[17]
On 13 July 2017, Yandex.Taxi and Uber signed an agreement to merge their businesses and operations in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Russia. The merger completed in February 2018. Yandex invested $100 million and Uber invested $225 million in the new structure. The new company had an estimated valuation of $3.8 billion.[18] According to estimates from different investment banks in December 2018, Yandex.Taxi's market value has increased, varying between from $4.4 billion and $6.2 billion.[19] 59.3% of the consolidated company named MLU B.V. belongs to Yandex, and 36.6% belongs to Uber. The remaining 4.1% belongs to the employees. Tigran Khudaverdyan retained leadership of the consolidated company.
On May 22, 2019, Yandex announced the appointment of Tigran Khudaverdyan to the newly created position of Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the Yandex group with Daniil Shuleyko promoted to the position of chief executive officer of MLU B.V.[20]
In December 2017, Yandex.Taxi purchased 100% shares of Foodfox,[21] a food delivery service in Moscow. After the merge of Uber and Yandex.Taxi in March 2018, Uber Eats and Foodfox combined their services to become Yandex.Eats. As of March 2019 the new company is represented in 24 cities throughout Russia, with more than 8000 restaurants on the platform. In December 2018 Yandex.Eats completed 1 million orders.[22]
In 2019, Yandex.Eats launched a super-fast food delivery services called Yandex.Lavka that delivers food to customers in under 15 minutes.[9] The online service relies on small warehouses across Moscow and St. Petersburg stocked with about 2,000 items and uses bike couriers to deliver orders.[10] As of 2019, the Yandex.Lavka food delivery service is available through the Yandex.Taxi app, and operates in Russia and Kazakhstan.[23]
Yandex has developed its own autonomous driverless cars for use as taxis. The first model available to the public is a heavily modified Toyota Prius with three lidar units, six radar units, and six cameras and a GNSS sensor for navigation, with Intel CPUs and NVIDIA GPUs using a Linux operating system.[25] In November 2017, Yandex released a video of its AV winter tests, in which the car drove successfully along snowy roads of Moscow.[26]
On 29 May 2018, free demo rides were offered to the public at Yet Another Conference. Yandex reported that 700 passengers were given rides through the 10 hours of the demo.[27] In June 2018, a Yandex driverless car completed a long-distance test ride in fully autonomous mode, traveling 780 km in about 11 hours.[28]
Yandex's robo-taxi service was launched in trial mode in August 2018 in the university town of Innopolis in the Republic of Tatarstan. Service was free during this trial, and a Yandex engineer occupied the front passenger seat as a safety observer while the driver's seat remained empty.[citation needed] In November 2018, it was reported that the company had given its 1000th self-driving passenger ride.[25] In February 2020, it was reported that over 5,000 autonomous passenger rides were made in Innopolis.[29]
The Yandex driverless car was presented to the international public at the CES 2019 innovation conference in Las Vegas.[30] At the end of 2018, Yandex obtained a license[31] to use these vehicles on public roads in Nevada, one of the few American states where driverless cars are allowed. Unlike other prototypes demonstrated at the exhibition, the cars were circulating the streets of the city without any human control. In January 2020 Yandex provided autonomous rides for CES guests for the second time.[32]
In December 2018, the company got a permission from the Israeli Transportation Ministry to test its driverless car on public roads without a human safety driver at the wheel. This makes Israel the third country where the company is testing its self-driving vehicle.[33]
In March 2019, Yandex and Hyundai signed an agreement to work on autonomous car systems.[34] The aim was to develop a platform for autonomous vehicles for level 4 and level 5, the categories of automation defined as requiring limited to no human intervention.[35] In July 2019 Hyundai Mobis and Yandex presented the self-driving Hyundai Sonata 2020 as the first result of their collaboration.[36]
In October 2019 Yandex announced that its self-driving cars had passed 1 million miles in fully autonomous driving since it started testing the technology.[37] In February 2020, Yandex doubled its mileage with 2 million miles passed.[38]
On October 22, 2019, the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) selected Yandex and four other providers of highly automated vehicles for the 2020 NAIAS Michigan Mobility Challenge.[39] Ten Yandex self-driving sedans will provide public rides in downtown Detroit during the Autoshow in June 2020.[40]
In November 2019, the company presented its autonomous delivery robot Yandex.Rover, based on the same self-driving technology the company is using for its autonomous cars. As part of the initial testing phase, a fleet of Yandex.Rover is operating on the Yandex campus in Moscow, transporting small packages from one building to another.[41]
In December 2019 Yandex introduced two lidars that it designed in-house. One is a solid state lidar with a 120-degree field of vision and the second is a rotating one that provides a 360-degree view of its surroundings. The company claims that using its own lidars will help Yandex save up to 75% on the cost of sensors, which are currently one of the most expensive parts of an autonomous vehicle. Yandex's lidars are deployed in its test fleet in and around Moscow.[42]
In March 2020, Yandex announced plans to launch a worldwide fleet of robotaxis using its driverless car software within the next few years, with a licence to begin testing in the United States from June 2020.[43]
To estimate a vehicle's arrival time and the price of a ride, Yandex.Taxi uses two technologies developed by parent company Yandex: Yandex.Maps and Yandex.Navigator.[44] This technology calculates routes based on live and forecasted traffic conditions. The service can recommend a pick-up point near to a user's location. Moving across the street may save time and money on the ride, for example.
Since April 2017, riders know the price of their ride in advance. The price doesn't change, even if the driver gets stuck in traffic jam or takes a detour. This feature is now available in almost every country where the service operates. In those countries where it isn't, the app calculates an estimated price that may differ from the final price.
Yandex.Taxi works with partners who are authorized to provide transportation services. Depending on a country's laws, these can be taxi companies, taxi stations, licensed carriers, individual entrepreneurs, or other legal entities who have appropriate permissions. The company engages drivers training to use the Taximeter mobile app and communicate properly with passengers. Those who successfully complete the training program get a higher rating, which is an advantage for receiving orders.
To ensure safety for passengers and drivers, Yandex.Taxi controls the amount of time drivers can spend working. After several hours of continuous work, they stop receiving orders until they have enough rest.[47] The company is developing an attention control system to decrease the number of road accidents caused by human factors. The AI system looks at such factors as blinking and yawning to detect when a driver is tired or distracted.[48] Yandex.Taxi is the only online car booking service with a system like this so far. In addition, Yandex is developing a facial recognition system to prevent fraud by detecting who is behind the wheel.[48] 152ee80cbc
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