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The number of blue whales today is only a small fraction of what it was before modern commercial whaling significantly reduced their numbers during the early 1900s, but populations are increasing globally. The primary threats blue whales currently face are vessel strikes and entanglements in fishing gear.

NOAA Fisheries and its partners are dedicated to conserving and rebuilding blue whale populations worldwide. We use a variety of innovative techniques to study, protect, and rescue these endangered animals. We engage our partners as we develop regulations and management plans that foster healthy fisheries and reduce the risk of entanglements, create whale-safe shipping practices, and reduce ocean noise.

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Blue whales were significantly depleted by commercial whaling activities worldwide. Today, blue whales are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act and protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. The latest stock assessment reports of blue whales include data for various stocks, including areas of the North Pacific and western North Atlantic Oceans.

Antarctic blue whales are generally larger than other blue whale subspecies. For example, in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, blue whales can grow up to about 90 feet and are over 100,000 pounds, but in the Antarctic, they can reach up to about 110 feet and weigh more than 330,000 pounds. Like many other baleen whales, female blue whales are generally larger than males.

Along the West Coast of the United States, eastern North Pacific blue whales are believed to spend winters off of Mexico and Central America. They likely feed during summer off the U.S. West Coast and, to a lesser extent, in the Gulf of Alaska and central North Pacific waters.

Scientists know little about the life history of the blue whale. The best available science suggests the gestation period is approximately 10 to 12 months. Weaning probably occurs at around 6 to 7 months on, or en route to, summer feeding areas. The age of sexual maturity is thought to be 5 to 15 years. Most reproductive activity, including births and mating, takes place during the winter. The average calving interval is probably 2 to 3 years.

Vessel strikes can injure or kill blue whales. Vessel strikes have killed blue whales throughout their range, but the risk is much higher in some coastal areas with heavy vessel traffic, like ports and in shipping lanes, and from larger vessels and vessels traveling at high speeds.

A primary strategy of the Recovery Plan, revised in 2020, is to maintain the international ban on commercial hunting that was instituted in 1986. Additionally, this Plan provides a strategy to improve our understanding of how potential threats may be limiting blue whale recovery. Finally, this plan provides a research strategy to obtain data necessary to determine blue whale taxonomy, population structure, distribution, and habitat, which can then inform estimation of population abundance and trends. Once the populations and their threats are more fully understood, this plan will be modified to include actions to minimize any threats determined to be limiting recovery. Because blue whales move freely across international borders, recovery efforts are not confined to U.S. waters. Thus, this plan stresses the importance of a multinational approach to management.

NOAA Fisheries conducts various research activities on the biology, behavior, and ecology of blue whales. The results of this research are used to inform management decisions and enhance recovery efforts for this endangered species.

Scientists working on the WhaleWatch project are using advanced technologies to predict where blue whales are likely to be in near real-time off the U.S. West Coast. This near real-time information helps reduce human effects on whales by providing information on where the whales occur and hence where whales may be most at risk from threats such as vessel strikes, entanglements, and underwater noise. Scientists developed habitat-based model estimates of whale occurrence that combine satellite tracking of whales with information on the environment.

But in some areas, blue catfish can pose major challenges. Blue catfish were introduced to a few rivers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed decades ago. It was thought that these fish only lived in very fresh water. But they can tolerate water that is not completely fresh. That means that they can swim out of one river, into the more brackish Bay, and then into a different fairly fresh river. As a result, these fish have expanded their range throughout the Chesapeake. They grow large and eat many native species, so they have the potential to cause a lot of harm to the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem.

In the Chesapeake Bay, blue catfish are a popular recreational fishery. They are primarily fished using hook and line. Guide services in the James and Potomac rivers run expeditions that target blue catfish. Regional and national tournaments are held annually on the James River, and the Potomac River is nearly a year-round hotspot for catfish angling.

In the early 2000s, commercial fishing interest in blue catfish was low due to low market demand and lack of consumer awareness of the fish. But now, thanks to marketing efforts, particularly in Maryland, the commercial fishery for blue catfish in the Chesapeake Bay is ramping up.

Jurisdictions that manage fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay work together to discuss the latest fisheries science and coordinate their regulations through the Chesapeake Bay Program. The Chesapeake Bay Program recently released its Invasive Catfish Management Strategy (PDF, 21 pages) to guide the management of blue catfish in the Bay, and an Invasive Catfish Workgroup meets frequently as well.

This common, large songbird is familiar to many people, with its perky crest; blue, white, and black plumage; and noisy calls. Blue Jays are known for their intelligence and complex social systems with tight family bonds. Their fondness for acorns is credited with helping spread oak trees after the last glacial period.

The concept of blue zones grew from the demographic work Gianni Pes and Michel Poulain outlined in the Journal of Experimental Gerontology, identifying Sardinia, Italy as the region with the highest concentration of male centenarians.

Pes and Poulain drew concentric blue circles on the map highlighting these villages of extreme longevity and began to refer to this area inside the circle as the blue zone. Building on that demographic work, Dan and a team of scientists often including Pes and Poulain, pinpointed other longevity hotspots worldwide and dubbed them blue zones.

About one-third of all visible light is considered blue light. Sunlight is the biggest source of blue light. Artificial sources of blue light include fluorescent light, LED TVs, computer monitors, smartphones, and tablet screens.

Since our eyes are not good at blocking blue light, nearly all visible blue light passes through the front of the eye (cornea and lens) and reaches the retina, the cells that convert light for the brain to process into images.

Constant exposure to blue light over time could damage retinal cells and cause vision problems such as age-related macular degeneration. It can also contribute to cataracts, eye cancer and growths on the clear covering over the white part of the eye. According to a vision study by the National Eye Institute, children are more at risk than adults because their eyes absorb more blue light from digital devices.

Exposure to blue light before bedtime also can disrupt sleep patterns as it affects when our bodies create melatonin. Interruption of the circadian system plays a role in the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, sleep disorders, and cognitive dysfunctions.

Wearing blue light glasses during the day can help people fall asleep, stay asleep, and have a more restful sleep. Generic lenses that filter blue light reduce negative effects by 10% to 23% without reducing quality. Computer glasses with yellow-tinted lenses may increase comfort when viewing digital devices for long periods of time.

4-5, sometimes 3-7. Greenish or buff, sometimes pale blue, spotted with brown and gray. Incubation is by both parents (but female does more), about 16-18 days. Young: Both parents bring food for nestlings. Young leave nest 17-21 days after hatching.

For more information on where to find where blue green algae (cyanobacteria) is located, contact the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) at 1-855-305-3903 or visit the DEP website (opens in new window).

The Rainforest Alliance certification seal means that theproduct (or a specified ingredient) was produced byfarmers, foresters, and/or companies working together tocreate a world where people and nature thrive inharmony.

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That's because blue land crabs are native to Florida, Texas and Puerto Rico, according to the United States Geological Survey. They can also be found throughout the Caribbean, Central America, Northern South America and West Africa.

Head to the Blue Bell website's store locator to see where you can go buy a half-gallon, or five. In Oklahoma City, Blue Bell is found at a variety of locations including grocery stores, gas stations, drug and dollar stores.

Dan Buettner, a National Geographic explorer, and his team of demographers, scientists and anthropologists might've thought as much when they began studying regions of the world where people live the longest.

"The goal of studying the five Blue Zones was to uncover commonalities that might explain why people from these regions live longer lives and without the chronic disease rates we see elsewhere," explains McAfee.

"If you want to focus on prevention, it starts with making little changes for yourself," McAfee adds. "We've seen communities where these health-promoting behaviors have made a difference, so why not try to adopt a couple and see if they work for you, too?"

Seeking to establish links between populations of blue whales in the Gulf of Corcovado and other regions, researchers in the eastern South Pacific examined DNA collected from the skin of blue whales with small biopsy darts fired from crossbows. The team also used data from sightings and photographs in their attempt to connect individual animals to different locations. 2351a5e196