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A workstation is a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications.[1] Intended primarily to be used by a single user,[1] they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems. The term workstation has been used loosely to refer to everything from a mainframe computer terminal to a PC connected to a network, but the most common form refers to the class of hardware offered by several current and defunct companies such as Sun Microsystems,[2] Silicon Graphics, Apollo Computer,[3] DEC, HP, NeXT, and IBM which powered the 3D computer graphics revolution of the late 1990s.[4]

The increasing capabilities of mainstream PCs since the late 1990s have reduced distinction between the PCs and workstations.[6] Typical 1980s workstations have expensive proprietary hardware and operating systems to categorically distinguish from standardized PCs. From the 1990s and 2000s, IBM's RS/6000 and IntelliStation have RISC-based POWER CPUs running AIX, and its IBM PC Series and Aptiva corporate and consumer PCs have Intel x86 CPUs. However, by the early 2000s, this difference largely disappeared, since workstations use highly commoditized hardware dominated by large PC vendors, such as Dell, Hewlett-Packard, and Fujitsu, selling x86-64 systems running Windows or Linux.

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Perhaps the first computer that might qualify as a workstation is the IBM 1620, a small scientific computer designed to be used interactively by a single person sitting at the console.[7] It was introduced in 1959.[8] One peculiar feature of the machine is that it lacks any arithmetic circuitry.[9] To perform addition, it requires a memory-resident table of decimal addition rules.[10] This reduced the cost of logic circuitry, enabling IBM to make it inexpensive. The machine is codenamed CADET and was initially rented for $1000 per month.

Early workstations are generally dedicated minicomputers, a multiuser system reserved for one user. For example, the PDP-8 from Digital Equipment Corporation, is regarded as the first commercial minicomputer.[12]

The Lisp machines developed at MIT in the early 1970s pioneered some workstation principles, as high-performance, networked, single-user systems intended for heavily interactive use. Lisp Machines were commercialized beginning 1980 by companies like Symbolics, Lisp Machines, Texas Instruments (the TI Explorer) and Xerox (the Interlisp-D workstations). The first computer designed for a single user, with high-resolution graphics (and so a workstation in the modern sense of the term), is the Alto developed at Xerox PARC in 1973.[13] Other early workstations include the Terak 8510/a (1977),[14] Three Rivers PERQ (1979), and the later Xerox Star (1981).

In the early 1980s, with the advent of 32-bit microprocessors such as the Motorola 68000, several new competitors appeared, including Apollo Computer and Sun Microsystems,[15] with workstations based on 68000 and Unix.[16][17] Meanwhile, DARPA's VLSI Project created several spinoff graphics products, such as the Silicon Graphics 3130. Target markets were differentiated, with Sun and Apollo considered to be network workstations and SGI as graphics workstations. RISC CPUs increased in the mid-1980s, typical of workstation vendors.[18]

Workstations often feature SCSI or Fibre Channel disk storage systems, high-end 3D accelerators, single or multiple 64-bit processors,[19] large amounts of RAM, and well-designed cooling. Additionally, the companies that make the products tend to have comprehensive repair/replacement plans. As the distinction between workstation and PC fades, however, workstation manufacturers have increasingly employed "off-the-shelf" PC components and graphics solutions rather than proprietary hardware or software. Some "low-cost" workstations are still expensive by PC standards but offer binary compatibility with higher-end workstations and servers made by the same vendor. This allows software development to take place on low-cost (relative to the server) desktop machines.

This approach was first attempted as a replacement for PCs in office productivity applications, with the 3Station by 3Com. In the 1990s, X terminals filled a similar role for technical computing. Sun's thin clients include the Sun Ray product line.[22] However, traditional workstations and PCs continued to drop in price and complexity as remote management tools for IT staff became available, undercutting this market.

A high-end workstation of the early 1980s with the three Ms, or a "3M computer" (coined by Raj Reddy and his colleagues at CMU), has one megabyte of RAM, a megapixel display (roughly 10001000 pixels), and one "MegaFLOPS" compute performance (at least one million floating-point operations per second).[23] RFC 782 defines the workstation environment more generally as "hardware and software dedicated to serve a single user", and that it provisions additional shared resources. This is at least one order of magnitude beyond the capacity of the personal computer of the time. The original 1981 IBM Personal Computer has 16 KB memory, a text-only display, and floating-point performance around 1 kFLOPS (30 kFLOPS with the optional 8087 math coprocessor. Other features beyond the typical personal computer include networking, graphics acceleration, and high-speed internal and peripheral data buses.

Another goal was to bring the price below one "megapenny", that is, less than $10,000 (equivalent to $27,000 in 2022), which was achieved in the late 1980s. Throughout the early to mid-1990s, many workstations cost from $15,000 to $100,000 (equivalent to $192,000 in 2022) or more.

Since the late 1990s, the workstation and consumer markets have further merged. Many low-end workstation components are now the same as the consumer market, and the price differential narrowed. For example, most Macintosh Quadra computers were originally intended for scientific or design work, all with the Motorola 68040 CPU, backward compatible with 68000 Macintoshes. The consumer Macintosh IIcx and Macintosh IIci models can be upgraded to the Quadra 700. "In an era when many professionals preferred Silicon Graphics workstations, the Quadra 700 was an intriguing option at a fraction of the cost" as resource-intensive software such as Infini-D brought "studio-quality 3D rendering and animations to the home desktop". The Quadra 700 can run A/UX 3.0, making it a Unix workstation.[26] Another example is the Nvidia GeForce 256 consumer graphics card, which spawned the Quadro workstation card, which has the same GPU but different driver support and certifications for CAD applications and a much higher price.

Some workstations are designed or certified for use with only one specific application such as AutoCAD, Avid Xpress Studio HD, or 3D Studio Max. The certification process increases workstation prices.

In early 2018, RISC workstations were reintroduced in a series of IBM POWER9-based systems by Raptor Computing Systems.[31][32] The Mac transition to Apple silicon greatly increased power efficiency and size efficiency over x86-64 with its ARM-based RISC architecture.[33]

Most of the current workstation market uses x86-64 microprocessors. Operating systems include Windows, FreeBSD, Linux distributions, macOS, and Solaris.[34] Some vendors also market commodity mono-socket systems as workstations.

A high-end desktop market segment includes workstations, with PC operating systems and components. Component product lines may be segmented, with premium components that are functionally similar to the consumer models but with higher robustness or performance.[36]

Yes, Lenovo ThinkStation workstations can be customized to meet specific needs. Users can customize the storage, graphics, and processing power of their workstation using Lenovo's online configuration tool.

The price of a Lenovo ThinkStation workstation depends on the model and the level of customization required. However, Lenovo offers a range of workstations at different price points, making it possible to find a workstation that meets your needs and budget.

Lenovo ThinkStation workstations are designed to run complex and resource-intensive software applications used in industries such as engineering, architecture, and media production and more. This includes CAD, CAM, and 3D modeling software, among others.

While Lenovo offers a range of gaming desktops under its Legion brand, the ThinkStation workstations are not designed for gaming. They are optimized for professional use in industries such as engineering, architecture, financial services, and creative including media production and animation.

Lenovo offers a standard warranty on all of its ThinkStation workstations. The length of the warranty depends on the model and can range from one year to three years. Users can also purchase additional warranty coverage for their workstation.

Lenovo offers an easy-to-use online configuration tool that allows users to customize their workstation to meet their specific needs. Users can choose the level of processing power, storage, and graphics capabilities, among other features.

Yes. Lenovo offers a range of customizable workstations that can be configured to meet your specific needs. You can customize the processing power memory, storage, graphics card, and other components to enhance the performance of your workstation for your industry needs.

Lenovo ThinkStation workstations offer several security features, including password protection, encrypted storage, and biometric authentication, depending on the model. need a computer that can handle heavy workloads

The right Lenovo workstation will depend on your specific needs and the type of work you do. Consider factors such as processing power, memory, storage, graphics capabilities, and software requirements when choosing a workstation.

Lenovo workstations are compatible with a wide range of software applications, including engineering, design, and scientific software. It's important to check the specific requirements of the software you plan to use with your workstation. e24fc04721