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No other dictionary matches M-W's accuracy and scholarship in defining word meanings. Our pronunciation help, synonyms, usage and grammar tips set the standard. Go beyond dictionary lookups with Word of the Day, facts and observations on language, lookup trends, and wordplay from the editors at Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

A dictionary provides definitions as well as outlines how a word is used grammatically and provides examples of its use. A thesaurus provides synonyms, or similar words, for a word. These two tools are widely available in both print and electronic form, and you probably have access to at least a few of them.

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Search Tips

For the Find Term or Note field, you may use AND and OR (all in upper case) [e.g., 1) windsor chairs, 2) chairs OR rockers, 3) chairs OR rockers OR armchairs, 4) bow-back AND windsor, 5) windsor AND (rockers OR chairs), 6) (windsor OR boston) AND (rockers OR chairs)]. Wildcard is the asterisk (*); right truncation only. To find an exact match rather than a key word in the Find Term field, use quotes [e.g., "chairs"]. If you wish to search the term and note together, click on the buttons for AND or OR.

About the AAT

Learn about the purpose, scope and structure of the AAT. The AAT is an evolving vocabulary, growing and changing thanks to contributions from Getty projects and other institutions. Find out more about the AAT's contributors.

F.A.Q. about the AAT

Here you will find a list of the most frequently asked questions about the thesaurus.

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Use of the AAT

Copyright 2017 The J. Paul Getty Trust. All rights reserved. The Getty vocabularies are made available via the Web browsers to support limited research and cataloging efforts. Companies and institutions interested in more extensive use of AAT, TGN, or ULAN are advised to explore the Linked Open Data releases. APIs are available. Relational tables and XML releases are also available, but may be discontinued in the future. All releases are available under the Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By) 1.0. Releases of CONA and the IA are under development.

Updated 25 January 2021

The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus is a controlled and hierarchically-organized vocabulary produced by the National Library of Medicine. It is used for indexing, cataloging, and searching of biomedical and health-related information. MeSH includes the subject headings appearing in MEDLINE/PubMed, the NLM Catalog, and other NLM databases.

The thesaurus is limited in depth and specificity of coverage. It does notattempt to replicate existing controlled vocabularies such as AGI's GeoRef.The intention is to provide sufficient contextual cues for the informationseeker to determine the relevance of a resource for his or her concern, notto locate precisely the answer to a specific user question.

Each database vendor includes an online thesaurus, although index term field labels vary across platforms. Check the search help for the system you are using to see how to search using index terms. If we have a search guide for your system, you'll also find the information there.

All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.

A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where you can find different words with same meanings to other words),[1][2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms, sometimes simply as lists of synonyms and antonyms. They are often used by writers to help find the best word to express an idea:

Some thesauri and dictionary synonym notes characterise the distinctions between similar words, with notes on their "connotations and varying shades of meaning".[5] Some synonym dictionaries are primarily concerned with differentiating synonyms by meaning and usage. Usage manuals such as Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage or Garner's Modern English Usage often prescribe appropriate usage of synonyms.

The word "thesaurus" comes from Latin thsaurus, which in turn comes from Greek (thsauros) 'treasure, treasury, storehouse'.[7] The word thsauros is of uncertain etymology.[7][8][9]

Until the 19th century, a thesaurus was any dictionary or encyclopedia,[9] as in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (Dictionary of the Latin Language, 1532), and the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (Dictionary of the Greek Language, 1572). It was Roget who introduced the meaning "collection of words arranged according to sense", in 1852.[7]

Roget's Thesaurus, first compiled in 1805 by Peter Mark Roget, and published in 1852, follows John Wilkins' semantic arrangement of 1668. Unlike earlier synonym dictionaries, it does not include definitions or aim to help the user choose among synonyms. It has been continuously in print since 1852 and remains widely used across the English-speaking world.[20] Roget described his thesaurus in the foreword to the first edition:[21]

Roget's original thesaurus was organized into 1000 conceptual Heads (e.g., 806 Debt) organized into a four-level taxonomy. For example, debt is classed under V..mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}ii.iv:[22]

The book starts with a Tabular Synopsis of Categories laying out the hierarchy,[23] then the main body of the thesaurus listed by the Head, and then an alphabetical index listing the different Heads under which a word may be found: Liable, subject to, 177; debt, 806; duty, 926.[24]

Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Synonyms is a stand-alone modern English synonym dictionary that does discuss differences.[33] In addition, many general English dictionaries include synonym notes.

Bilingual synonym dictionaries are designed for language learners. One such dictionary gives various French words listed alphabetically, with an English translation and an example of use.[39] Another one is organized taxonomically with examples, translations, and some usage notes.[40]

This paper describes a heuristic approach to automatic acquisition of contextual representations of senses in a machine-readable dictionary (MRD). Including contextual information in an MRD-based lexical database offers several benefits. First, the representation can be used to merge closely related senses and construct a coarser sense division, so unnecessarily fine sense distinctions can be avoided in word sense disambiguation (WSD). The contextual information can also be used as a knowledge base to develop a WSD system. Furthermore, if the algorithms run on several MRDs, the contextual representation also provides a means of linking relevant senses across multiple MRDs to create an integrated lexical database. The algorithms are based primarily on information retrieval techniques to build a list of topics that are most relevant to the definition of each MRD sense. An implementation of the method using definition sentences in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English is described. To this end, the topical word lists and topical cross-references in the Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English are used. We have conducted a series of experiments and evaluations to assess the performance of the proposed approach.

The result, more than 40 years and many hundreds of thousands of person-hours later, is truly awe-inspiring. It is the first historical thesaurus ever produced for any language, containing almost every word in English from Old English to the present day, and is a magnificent resource for the historical study of the language. ff782bc1db