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Background: In 2004, the landmark Gaining Optimal Asthma Control (GOAL) study demonstrated that most patients can achieve asthma control through sustained treatment and that adding a long-acting 2-adrenoreceptor agonist to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is more effective than ICS alone in this regard. Definitions of asthma control have since evolved, and the consequent implications for the GOAL study findings are unclear.

Conclusion: A markedly higher proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma in each stratum achieved control according to GINA 2016 criteria compared with the original study criteria. The proportion of patients achieving control remained greater with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol than with fluticasone propionate alone.

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Organ dysfunction and multiple organ failure are the main causes of prolonged hospital stay after cardiac surgery, which increases resource use and health care costs. Increased levels of oxygen delivery and consumption are associated with improved outcome in different groups of postoperative patients. Cardiac surgical patients are at risk of inadequate perioperative oxygen delivery caused by extracorporeal circulation and limited cardiovascular reserves. The purpose of our study was to test whether increasing oxygen delivery immediately after cardiac surgery would shorten hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Four hundred three elective cardiac surgical patients were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to either the control or the protocol group. Goals of the protocol group were to maintain SvO(2) >70% and lactate concentration < or =2.0 mmol/L from admission to the ICU and up to 8 h thereafter. Hemodynamics, oxygen transport data, and organ dysfunctions were recorded. The median hospital stay was shorter in the protocol group (6 vs 7 days, P < 0.05), and patients were discharged faster from the hospital than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Discharge from the ICU was similar between groups (P = 0. 8). Morbidity was less frequent at the time of hospital discharge in the protocol group (1.1% vs 6.1%, P < 0.01). Increasing oxygen delivery to achieve normal SvO(2) values and lactate concentration during the immediate postoperative period after cardiac surgery can shorten the length of hospital stay.

The much anticipated ACI World Long Term Carbon Goal Study is the result of a year long research and consultation period, underpinned by an extensive analytical and evidence-based research. The study led to the creation of an ambitious, long-term carbon goal for the global airport sector.

As the world increasingly embraces online learning, students are seeking strategies to excel in this new environment. One of the most effective strategies is setting SMART academic goals. SMART goals are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound. In this article, we'll delve into the importance of academic goals and provide 11 examples that you can use to succeed in any online class that you enroll in.

Academic goals are objectives or milestones that you set to guide your educational journey. They can range from achieving a specific grade to improving your study habits or developing new skills. These goals keep you focused and motivated, helping you navigate the challenges of your academic journey.

As mentioned, your success in an online class largely revolves around the academic goals that you set. Here are 11 real-world examples of academic goals that can help guide you on your educational journey.

Staying motivated can be challenging, particularly when you're studying independently. Set goals that keep you excited about learning. These could involve mastering a difficult concept or completing a challenging project.

Attendance is crucial for success in online learning. It's easy to fall behind if you miss a class, as each session builds from the last. Make it a goal to attend every live session, or if your class is asynchronous, keep up with the course material regularly. Consistent attendance ensures you're always on track with your learning and reduces the risk of last-minute cramming.

Your long-term career and life goals should guide your academic journey. Regularly reviewing these aspirations helps keep your current efforts in perspective. Whether it's graduating with honors, mastering a foreign language, or preparing for a specific career, keep these goals in mind as you navigate your online classes. They can serve as a motivating force, encouraging you to push through challenges and continue striving for success.

Time management is a crucial skill in online learning. With numerous tasks to juggle, effective time management practices can make your workload more manageable. Prioritize your tasks based on their urgency and importance and set realistic deadlines for completion. Remember to take regular breaks to maintain your productivity and prevent burnout. Consider using techniques like the Pomodoro Technique or time blocking to optimize your study sessions.

Interaction with your classmates enriches your learning experience. Even though your classes are online, there are plenty of opportunities to engage with your peers. Participate actively in online discussions, group projects, and study groups. These interactions can provide different perspectives, enhance your understanding of the course material, and even lead to lifelong friendships.

The University of Minnesota Online is an excellent choice for prospective students seeking a flexible, supportive, and enriching learning environment. Our comprehensive online platform, coupled with a diverse and inclusive community, provides the resources and opportunities needed to achieve your academic goals.

We combine quantitative and qualitative approaches in a mixed-method study. This allows us to gather a broad range of representative information on squad athletes from all Olympic disciplines as well as in-depth information on four selected Olympic disciplines (artistic gymnastics, biathlon, handball and wrestling). Within the quantitative section we attempt to identify the young athletes' health and nutrition behavior, their subjective health state and their lay health representations, health-related social networks, and structures of medical attendance. 1138 national team level athletes born between 1992 and 1995 from 51 Olympic disciplines responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 61,75%). The qualitative section investigates the meaning and relevance of health and nutrition within the athletes' sports specific surroundings, the impact of biographic backgrounds on individual health behavior, and sports specific cultures of health, nutrition and risk. We interviewed 24 athletes and 28 coaching and medical experts, and carried out 14 multi-day participant observations at training sessions and competitions.

The G erman Young O lympic A thletes' L ifestyle and Health Management Study (GOAL Study; Figure 1) has two central aims: First, to fill the above-mentioned research gaps and second, to develop sports-specific health protection and promotion strategies. In order to create a holistic picture of managing health in German adolescent elite sports, we carried out a nationwide mixed-method study. Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches allowed us to gather a broad range of representative information on squad athletes of all Olympic disciplines as well as in-depth information on four Olympic disciplines: artistic gymnastics, biathlon, handball and wrestling.

Within the nationwide quantitative study section, we aimed to conduct a complete survey of all young German adolescent elite athletes. Data collection took place between February 2010 and January 2011.

In two of the 54 Olympic sports, namely, sailing and bobsledding, no athlete met these criteria. Greco-Roman Wrestling did not agree to partake in the study. Therefore, based on the afore-mentioned inclusion criteria, a total of 1843 athletes from 51 sports were eligible for study participation.

When considering the highly diversified demands and training structures of Olympic sports, we chose a multi-case study approach and focused on four of the Olympic disciplines: artistic gymnastics, biathlon, handball and wrestling.

Based on earlier research [2, 28, 29], we identified the following criteria to guide our sampling strategy within Olympic sport: (1) discipline's profile (team vs. individual sport; indoor vs. outdoor sport), (2) requirement profile (criteria for scouting, promotion, and acceptance on the national team, participation in national competitions, training guidelines, weight classes), (3) general injury and illness profile, and (4) gender profile. We also looked at feasibility and governing associations' approval to participate in the qualitative study as deciding factors in determining which four disciplines to examine. Seeking information-rich cases, we used maximum variation sampling of these criteria.

We recruited a total number of 24 German elite athletes (12 females and 12 males) for the qualitative study, aged between 15 and 18 at the time of the participation entry. The athletes were equally distributed across disciplines: biathlon (6), gymnastics (6), handball (6), and wrestling (6). In addition to the 24 athletes, we recruited 28 experts from the participants' social environment, assuring that each defined role within our sampling scheme was covered. In biathlon, the total number of experts is half that of the other disciplines since biathletes of the sampled age group are not gender differentiated within the national training structure.

The GOAL Study is an interdisciplinary cooperative project funded by the Federal Institute of Sport Science (BISp) in Bonn, Germany. The study's project partners are the University of Tbingen's Institute of Sport Science and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, and the Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine at Heidelberg University. The Medical Faculty of Tbingen ethics committee's approved the research project (222/2009BO1). As required by the ethics committee, we received written informed consent from each participant, allowing his or her data's inclusion in the study. e24fc04721