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Windows 2000 was a modernization of Windows NT 4.0 which brought many of the desktop changes, including Active Desktop, to Microsoft's Windows NT line. Four editions of Windows 2000 were released, Professional, Server, Advanced Server, Datacenter Server. Improvements over NT 4.0 include new Accessibility Options, increased language and locale support, NTFS 3.0, the Encrypting File System and Active Directory. Windows 2000 was first planned to replace both Windows 98 and Windows NT 4.0 although using the NT kernel for consumer and professional editions would not happen until Windows 2000's successor, Windows XP.

The final RTM build of Windows 2000 is 5.0.2195 which arrived with new NTFS 3.0 support, an on-the-fly Encrypting File System, new Accessibility tools and the Active Desktop, additional language and locale settings. Dynamic disks were introduced as well which allowed Windows to join disks together in a software RAID array. Plug-and-play support was improved compared to Windows NT 4.0.

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One noticeable fact right off the bat is that features from Windows 98 have made it into the Windows NT line, like the Active Desktop update, Internet Explorer 5, Windows Driver Model, Internet Connection Sharing, Windows Media Player and WebDAV support. Windows File Protection also arrived with 2000 which protected critical system files by not allowing anything other than Microsoft's Windows Installer or Windows Update package installer modify system files. The System File Checker utility allowed users to preform a manual scan of protected system files (and optionally repair them). Windows 2000 also supported ACPI S4 hibernation, which unlike Windows 98, does not require specific vendor drivers.

For system management Windows 2000 introduced the Microsoft Management Console and a vast majority of system administration tools from Windows NT 4.0 were moved to MMC 'snap-ins'. This includes the the Event Viewer, Task Scheduler, COM+ management, group policy configuration, disk defragmenter, device manager, service control, and if installed, .NET Framework. Two versions of the registry editor exist in Windows 2000. The classic MDI-style editor capable of manipulating Windows NT permissions exists as regedt32.exe and the Windows 98 registry editor exists as regedit.exe. This is a straight port and is incapable of editing a remote registry or changing permissions. This was later updated in Windows XP. A new recovery console was introduced which can be launched from the CD-ROM (or optionally installed to disk and made available through NTLDR by running WinNT32.exe /cmdcons in Windows). This is a text-mode Windows NT (and not MS-DOS as it may look) environment. Most of what is built into cmd.exe, along with a set of NT native mode utilities may be launched from the recovery console.

Features on the fun consumer side (or further brought over from 98) is support for DirectX 7.0, which is able to be upgraded up to DirectX 9.0c (Shader 3.0) with support remaining in DirectX up to the June 2010 SDK. Windows 2000 included no new stock games, including only FreeCell, Minesweeper, Pinball and Solitaire. Windows 2000 included the Accessibility tools (which NT 4.0 did not) and also included some new tools. Ported over was StickyKeys, FilterKeys, ToggleKeys, SoundSentry, MouseKeys, high contrast themes, and Magnifier. Windows 2000 introduced the Narrator, which reads aloud GUI objects with the Speech API, and an on screen keyboard which works with mouse or joystick. Windows 2000 introduced a multilingual user interface and can support Arabic, Armenian, Baltic, Central European, Cyrillic, Georgian, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkic, Vietnamese and Western European languages. Numerous locale settings are supported.

Windows 2000 empowers companies to Internet-enable their businesses with a fully integrated Web applications server for building reliable, highly scalable distributed Web applications. As the cornerstone of Windows DNA 2000, Windows 2000 provides a comprehensive and integrated set of capabilities for Web developers including a high-performance Web server featuring Active Server Pages, COM+ component services, transactions and message queue support, database access, Internet security, and end-to-end XML support. Customers can quickly build state-of-the-art Web applications with Windows 2000.

Windows 2000 provides a more reliable platform and has been designed from the ground up through an improved architecture to help ensure higher system uptime and more consistent application performance, enabling businesses to achieve greater levels of availability.

Windows 2000 is a more manageable operating system that provides centralized, policy-based management with new technologies such as IntelliMirror TM management technologies and the Active Directory TM service; greater interoperability; and faster deployment options that lower the total cost of ownership for organizations of all sizes.

Windows 2000 Professional is the fastest Windows client yet. Independent tests conducted by Ziff-Davis Labs and IT Week show that Windows 2000 Professional is up to 39 percent faster than Windows 95, 30 percent faster than Windows 98, and up to 24 percent faster than Windows NT Workstation 4.0 in configurations with 64 MB of memory or higher.

Web sites and Web applications run faster on Windows 2000. New results submitted to the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) by Dell Computer Corp. show that Windows 2000 Server running on a single-processor PowerEdge 2400 server outperforms alternative offerings running on an Intel-based single processor configuration by 30 percent.*

Windows 2000 Server is an industry price and performance leader. Audited TPC-H results submitted by Hewlett-Packard Co. show that Windows 2000 Advanced Server running on an eight-way server provides comparable performance to competitive offerings on a 12-way configuration for less than 30 percent of the cost.

General availability of Windows 2000 Professional, Windows 2000 Server and Windows 2000 Advanced Server begins on Feb. 17, 2000. Windows 2000 Datacenter Server is expected to be available approximately 90 to 120 days later. For more information about Windows 2000, please see .

Windows 2000 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft and designed for businesses. It was the direct successor to Windows NT 4.0, and was released to manufacturing on December 15, 1999,[2] and was officially released to retail on February 17, 2000 and September 26, 2000 for Windows 2000 Datacenter Server. It was Microsoft's business operating system until the introduction of Windows XP Professional in 2001.

Windows 2000 introduced NTFS 3.0,[6] Encrypting File System,[7] as well as basic and dynamic disk storage.[8] Support for people with disabilities was improved over Windows NT 4.0 with a number of new assistive technologies,[9] and Microsoft increased support for different languages[10] and locale information.[11] The Windows 2000 Server family has additional features, most notably the introduction of Active Directory,[12] which in the years following became a widely used directory service in business environments.

Four editions of Windows 2000 were released: Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and Datacenter Server;[13] the latter was both released to manufacturing and launched months after the other editions.[14] While each edition of Windows 2000 was targeted at a different market, they shared a core set of features, including many system utilities such as the Microsoft Management Console and standard system administration applications.

Microsoft marketed Windows 2000 as the most secure Windows version ever at the time;[15] however, it became the target of a number of high-profile virus attacks such as Code Red[16] and Nimda.[17] For ten years after its release, it continued to receive patches for security vulnerabilities nearly every month until reaching the end of support on July 13, 2010, the same day that support ended for Windows XP SP2.[5]

Windows 2000 is the final version of Windows NT that supports PC-98, i486 and SGI Visual Workstation 320 and 540, as well as Alpha[18] in alpha, beta, and release candidate versions. Its successor, Windows XP, only supports x86, x64 and Itanium processors.

Windows 2000, originally named NT 5.0, is a continuation of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems, replacing Windows NT 4.0. Chairman and CEO Bill Gates was originally "pretty confident" NT 5.0 would ship in the first half of 1998,[19] revealing that the first set of beta builds had been shipped in early 1997; these builds were identical to Windows NT 4.0. The first official beta was released in September 1997, followed by Beta 2 in August 1998.[20][21] On October 27, 1998, Microsoft announced that the name of the final version of the operating system would be Windows 2000, a name which referred to its projected release date.[22] Windows 2000 Beta 3 was released in May 1999.[20] NT 5.0 Beta 1 was similar to NT 4.0, including a very similarly themed logo. NT 5.0 Beta 2 introduced a new 'mini' boot screen, and removed the 'dark space' theme in the logo. The NT 5.0 betas had very long startup and shutdown sounds, though these were changed in the early Windows 2000 beta, but during Beta 3, a new piano-made startup and shutdown sounds were made, composed by Steven Ray Allen.[23] It was featured in the final version as well as in Windows Me. The new login prompt from the final version made its first appearance in Beta 3 build 1946 (the first build of Beta 3). The new, updated icons (for My Computer, Recycle Bin etc.) first appeared in Beta 3 build 1964. The Windows 2000 boot screen in the final version first appeared in Beta 3 build 1983. Windows 2000 did not have an actual codename because, according to Dave Thompson of Windows NT team, "Jim Allchin didn't like codenames".[24] e24fc04721