The International Shark Attack File (est. 1958) is housed at the Florida Museum of Natural History and is the only scientifically-generated database that documents and monitors shark attacks on a global basis. While most attack investigations are performed by ISAF staff as parts on ongoing research, the File benefits from a globally-distributed network of collaborating regional scientists who investigate attacks in their own regions (and in some cases maintain regionally-oriented databases) and cooperatively forward reports to the ISAF.

The ISAF staff regularly provides advice on shark attack issues to governmental agencies, coastal managers, beach safety professionals, the medical community and the media. Hundreds of information requests from the public and media are received and answered annually. Although detailed information on individual shark attack incidents is curated by the ISAF, these records are only made available to qualified research biologists and physicians for reasons of medical confidentiality and to protect the privacy of those affected by such incidents. Requests for access are made on a case-by-case basis.


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The victim, who was not identified, was attacked less than a mile off the western end of New Providence island, where the capital, Nassau, is located. She was paddleboarding with a man who was not injured, according to Police Sgt. Desiree Ferguson.

Gavin Naylor, program director of the International Shark Attack File in Florida, said in an interview that there have been a couple of shark-related fatalities reported in the Bahamas in the past five years.

Fatal shark attacks are rare, with only an average of five to six reported worldwide a year, most of them occurring in Australia, Naylor said. Last year, there were a total of 57 unprovoked bites around the globe, the majority of them in the U.S., according to the International Shark Attack File.

"Commonly referred to as the shark attack, this non-documented period of instruction was developed during our draft Army years," Command Sgt. Maj. Robert Fortenberry, the CSM of the Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia, said in a video presentation at the recent 2020 Maneuver Warfighter Conference.

"Drill sergeants were charged with the [evaluating] trainees' ability to handle stress, singling out the perceived undesirables by enveloping them in a manner that emulated a shark attack," he continued. "This activity, however, does not instill the spirit of the infantry; it betrays the innate trust between teammates and, worse, betrays the crucial bond of trust with our leaders."

Fortenberry described how Benning's 22-week infantry one-station unit training has replaced the shark attack with "The First 100 Yards," a new introductory training event being instituted at Basic Combat Training sites across the Army.

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The waters off the East Coast are home to more than 50 shark species. These range from the small spiny dogfish to the much larger white shark, and they are found in just about every kind of ocean habitat.

Most Atlantic sharks spend at least part of their lives in coastal waters. Many species move through bays and estuaries along the U.S. coast in search of food. Others are open-ocean dwellers that use shallower waters as nurseries or occasional feeding grounds.

Fishing and other human activities in the 1980s and early 1990s significantly lowered some Atlantic shark populations. Today, we manage 43 species of sharks in Atlantic federal waters with rules that prevent overfishing and rebuild overfished stocks. Thanks to this science-based approach, several shark stocks have experienced population growth including:

It is extremely unlikely for a person to be bitten by a shark in Florida waters, and bites are rarely life threatening. However, if you are thinking of going swimming on an ocean beach, bay or inland waters, and if you are concerned about sharks, there are a number of steps you can take to reduce your chances of being bitten:

Founded in 2009, Shark Attack Survivors for Shark Conservation joined the shark conservation community, stating its belief that protecting these top predators was critical for ocean health. The group, which has grown to around two dozen members from around the world, advocated for passage of the Shark Conservation Act of 2010 in the United States and for management and protections of vulnerable shark species globally.

And then the Shark Attack Survivors for Shark Conservation group contacted me and provided information about sharks and the plight they are facing around the world. The more I learned, the more I wanted to get involved.

Hassiem: I was the keynote speaker at the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals meeting in 2014 in Quito, Ecuador, then received a great honor in January 2016 when the United Nations Save Our Sharks Coalition named me the Global Shark Guardian for raising awareness about shark conservation. And I was part of the team in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 2016 at the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora that saw silky sharks, three species of thresher sharks, and nine species of mobula rays receive trade protections. It may sound surprising, but my shark conservation work is just as rewarding to me as winning Paralympic medals.

So many thoughts flew through my mind in the startled second I had in the water: shock, disbelief, confusion, fear, certainty, vulnerability, a lightning-fast inventory of hopeful possibilities (Rock? Dolphin? Seal? Whale?). But I knew exactly what it was. I had never encountered a shark before, but none of the creatures I knew behaved like this. There was a moment of aching loneliness as I watched the board skid away from me.

Foam churned up and water surged against my legs just before a white underside arced out in front of my face. I screamed and raised the paddle to strike, but before my reflexes could fire, there was a slap of the tail and the shark rocketed off to my right.

Instinctively, I snapped the leash on my leg to bring the board back. No sooner had I grabbed it, a second crack brought it surging toward me as the shark struck again on the opposite rail. I extended my arms to create distance while the board and I were pushed back by the charge. I kicked furiously to keep my head above water as its flaring nostrils came toward me and its teeth sank into the deck. I gripped the rail with everything I had as the thrashing torso tried to pull the board from me, and then suddenly it released, spun to the right, and shot out of view.

The act of replacing the shark attack with a team-building event grew out of deliberations that began last year at the U.S. Army Infantry School here. The School's senior enlisted leader, Command Sgt. Maj. Robert K. Fortenberry and its commandant, Brig. Gen. David M. Hodne, believed the shark attack was outmoded and should be replaced. With Hodne's backing, Fortenberry and five other senior command sergeants major developed an Infantry-oriented team-building event that they came to call "The First 100 Yards."

The U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) later called for training centers Army-wide to discontinue the shark attack and adopt their own versions of The First 100 Yards, tailored to the history and other specifics of the military career fields they train recruits for.

The shark attack, said Yaudas, was a draft-era "model that never evolved to what the current needs of the force are. The training methodologies have changed because society has changed. "They're all a volunteer force, no one's here against their will," he said. "So based on emerging societal trends, we've gone away from the shark attack into the Thunder Run."

Only about a dozen of the more than 300 species of sharks have been involved in attacks on humans. Sharks evolved millions of years before humans existed and therefore humans are not part of their normal diets. Sharks are opportunistic feeders, but most sharks primarily feed on smaller fish and invertebrates. Some of the larger shark species prey on seals, sea lions, and other marine mammals.

Sharks have been known to attack humans when they are confused or curious. If a shark sees a human splashing in the water, it may try to investigate, leading to an accidental attack. Still, sharks have more to fear from humans than we do of them. Humans hunt sharks for their meat, internal organs, skin, and fins in order to make products such as shark fin soup, lubricants, and leather.

Sharks are a valuable part of marine ecosystems, but overfishing threatens some shark populations. NOAA Fisheries conducts research on shark habitats, migratory patterns, and population change in order to understand how to best protect and maintain a stable shark population.

The animals were drawn by the sound of the explosions, the sinking of the ship and the thrashing and blood in the water. Though many species of shark live in the open water, none is considered as aggressive as the oceanic whitetip. Reports from the Indianapolis survivors indicate that the sharks tended to attack live victims close to the surface, leading historians to believe that most of the shark-related causalities came from oceanic whitetips.

To those who witnessed what happened, however, it was anything but gentle. The water around Mighall exploded as a five-metre-long great white shark latched onto her right leg, lifted her off the surfboard and shook her in the air before disappearing underwater.

With the board in its mouth, the shark pulled Mighall underwater for a second time. Moments later she popped back up to the surface with her damaged board. The animal had bitten clean through the fibreglass and foam. 006ab0faaa

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