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A sedan or saloon (British English)[1][2] is a passenger car in a three-box configuration with separate compartments for an engine, passengers, and cargo.[3] The first recorded use of sedan in reference to an automobile body occurred in 1912.[4] The name derives from the 17th-century litter known as a sedan chair, a one-person enclosed box with windows and carried by porters. Variations of the sedan style include the close-coupled sedan, club sedan, convertible sedan, fastback sedan, hardtop sedan, notchback sedan, and sedanet/sedanette.

A sedan (/sdn/) is a car with a closed body (i.e. a fixed metal roof) with the engine, passengers, and cargo in separate compartments.[5] This broad definition does not differentiate sedans from various other car body styles, but in practice, the typical characteristics of sedans are:

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When a manufacturer produces two-door sedan and four-door sedan versions of the same model, the shape and position of the greenhouse on both versions may be identical, with only the B-pillar positioned further back to accommodate the longer doors on the two-door versions.[17]

A sedan chair, a sophisticated litter, was an enclosed box with windows used to transport one seated person. Porters at the front and rear carried the chair with horizontal poles.[18] Litters date back to long before ancient Egypt, India, and China. Sedan chairs were developed in the 1630s. Etymologists suggest the name of the chair very probably came through varieties of Italian from the Latin sedere, meaning "to sit".[19]

The first recorded use of sedan for an automobile body occurred in 1912 when the Studebaker Four and Studebaker Six models were marketed as sedans.[19][20] There were fully enclosed automobile bodies before 1912. Long before that time, the same fully enclosed but horse-drawn carriages were known as a brougham in the United Kingdom, berline in France, and berlina in Italy; the latter two have become the terms for sedans in these countries. It is sometimes stated that the 1899 Renault Voiturette Type B (a 2-seat car with an extra external seat for a footman/mechanic) was the first sedan, since it is the first known car to be produced with a roof. A one-off instance of a similar coachwork is also known in a 1900 De Dion-Bouton Type D.[21][22]

In American English, Latin American Spanish, and Brazilian Portuguese, the term sedan is used (accented as sedn in Spanish).[24] In British English, a car of this configuration is called a saloon (/slun/).[2] Hatchback sedans are known simply as hatchbacks (not hatchback saloons); long-wheelbase luxury saloons with a division between the driver and passengers are limousines.[citation needed]

In Australia and New Zealand, sedan is now predominantly used, they were previously simply cars. In the 21st century, saloon is still found in the long-established names of particular motor races.[citation needed] In other languages, sedans are known as berline (French), berlina (European Spanish, European Portuguese, Romanian, and Italian), though they may include hatchbacks. These names, like the sedan, all come from forms of passenger transport used before the advent of automobiles. In German, a sedan is called Limousine and a limousine is a Stretch-Limousine.[25]

In the United States, the notchback sedan distinguishes models with a horizontal trunk lid. The term is generally only referred to in marketing when it is necessary to distinguish between two sedan body styles (e.g. notchback and fastback) of the same model range.

Several sedans have a fastback profile, but have a hatchback-style tailgate which is hinged at the roof. Examples include the Peugeot 309, koda Octavia, Hyundai Elantra XD, Chevrolet Malibu Maxx, BMW 4 Series Grand Coupe, Audi A5 Sportback, and Tesla Model S. The names hatchback and sedan are often used to differentiate between body styles of the same model. To avoid confusion, the term hatchback sedan is not often used.

Hardtop sedans were a popular body style in the United States from the 1950s to the 1970s. Hardtops are manufactured without a B-pillar leaving uninterrupted open space or, when closed, glass along the side of the car.[29][30][31] The top was intended to look like a convertible's top but it was fixed and made of hard material that did not fold.[25]

All manufacturers in the United States from the early 1950s into the 1970s provided at least a 2-door hardtop model in their range and a 4-door hardtop as well. The lack of side bracing demanded a particularly strong and heavy chassis frame to combat unavoidable flexing. The pillarless design was also available in four-door models using unibody construction.[32] For example, Chrysler moved to unibody designs for most of its models in 1960 and American Motors Corporation offered four-door sedans, as well a four-door station wagon from 1958 until 1960 in the Rambler and Ambassador series.[33]

In 1973, the US government passed Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 216 creating a standard roof strength test to measure the integrity of roof structure in motor vehicles to come into effect some years later. Production of hardtop sedan body style ended with the 1978 Chrysler Newport. For a time roofs were covered with vinyl and B-pillars were minimized by using styling methods like matt black finishes. Stylists and engineers soon developed more subtle solutions.[25]

A two-door sedan for four or five passengers but with less room for passengers than a standard sedan. A Coach body has no external trunk for luggage. Haajanen says it can be difficult to tell the difference between a Club and a Brougham and a Coach body as if manufacturers were more concerned with marketing their product than adhering to strict body style definitions.[25]

From the 1910s to the 1950s, several United States manufacturers have named models either Sedanet or Sedanette. The term originated as a smaller version of the sedan;[42] however, it has also been used for convertibles and fastback coupes. Models that have been called Sedanet or Sedanette include the 1917 Dort Sedanet,[43] King,[42] 1919 Lexington,[42] 1930s Cadillac Fleetwood Sedanette,[44] 1949 Cadillac Series 62 Sedanette,[45] 1942-1951 Buick Super Sedanet,[46][47] and 1956 Studebaker.

While you glide along the roads in the C 63 S E Performance in Comfort mode, the powerhouse transforms into a luxury sedan that also demonstrates its strengths in everyday driving. From the efficient drive system and high-quality equipment to the smart spatial layout, which ensures that the sedan adapts to your highly personal needs.

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Filthy streets littered with mud, refuse and excrement were not only a health hazard in 16th and 17th century Europe, but also made travel difficult and impractical. Until the introduction of the sedan chair, that is.

In 1634 Sir Saunders Duncombe introduced the sedan chair for hire in London. They quickly became popular, being cheaper than a hackney cab and often the quickest form of transport in the city, as they could pass down streets too narrow for carriages.

Sedan chairs soon became popular amongst the gentry. Their use allowed the passenger to keep their shoes clean and the detachable roof allowed for the tall, elaborate headdresses sported by fashionable ladies. In spa towns like Bath they were particularly favoured by invalids, for whom travelling by sedan chair meant they could be transported directly from their bedchamber to the baths and then back again.

However, despite its advantages, the sedan chair began to fall out of favour. The rapid expansion of the cities and the distances involved meant that travelling by chair became impossible. The sedan chair became less and less fashionable, and by the mid 19th century had virtually disappeared from the streets.

Other innovations include the Welcome Scenario with light show and personal welcome, which optionally also includes the dynamic light carpet. The BMW Digital Key Plus is now available for suitable smartphones with the iOS or Android operating systems as well as for the Apple Watch. With two 5G mobile phone antennas as standard and four as an option, the new business sedan provides optimised connectivity and phone quality. The Personal eSIM fully integrates the vehicle into the customer's digital ecosystem. In selected countries, the BMW ID enables automatic payment of parking fees from the vehicle.

Rather than simply sticking to a sedan design, the development entailed a thorough reexamination of what the Crown is about. While inheriting the Crown's DNA of innovation and pushing the limits, the new models align with the diverse values and lifestyles of customers. The first to be released was the Crossover, a vehicle combining a sedan and an SUV.

Since the development was revisiting the Crown's origins and the original Crown had been a sedan, the team also decided to build a new Sedan type. They created a car that offers excellent ride comfort and a high-quality driving experience, as well as a relaxing space meeting the needs of chauffeured cars. The new style redefines the traditional sedan, a reinvention reaching for new value as the "new formal" serving both personal and business purposes.

The B-Sedan Challenge series is designed to celebrate the history of small-bore sedans. Small-bore production cars have been a mainstay in sports car racing and their popularity grew into one of the greatest series in American racing history, Trans-Am!

With the market moving to SUVs, there are fewer sedans to choose from than in years past and some hatchbacks have evolved in the direction of SUVs, with raised roofs and in some cases, all-wheel drive. Wagons have been largely replaced by SUVs, though there are some limited exceptions from European automakers.

Midsized sedans

Midsized sedans remain popular, led by market stalwarts such as the Honda Accord, Hyundai Sonata, Nissan Altima, Subaru Legacy, and Toyota Camry. Domestic manufacturers have largely abandoned this segment, turning their attention and development dollars to crossover SUVs. e24fc04721