A JavaScript date is fundamentally specified as the time in milliseconds that has elapsed since the epoch, which is defined as the midnight at the beginning of January 1, 1970, UTC (equivalent to the UNIX epoch). This timestamp is timezone-agnostic and uniquely defines an instant in history.

Note: While the time value at the heart of a Date object is UTC, the basic methods to fetch the date and time or its components all work in the local (i.e. host system) time zone and offset.


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A date is represented internally as a single number, the timestamp. When interacting with it, the timestamp needs to be interpreted as a structured date-and-time representation. There are always two ways to interpret a timestamp: as a local time or as a Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the global standard time defined by the World Time Standard. The local timezone is not stored in the date object, but is determined by the host environment (user's device).

When a segment overflows or underflows its expected range, it usually "carries over to" or "borrows from" the higher segment. For example, if the month is set to 12 (months are zero-based, so December is 11), it become the January of the next year. If the day of month is set to 0, it becomes the last day of the previous month. This also applies to dates specified with the date time string format.

There are many ways to format a date as a string. The JavaScript specification only specifies one format to be universally supported: the date time string format, a simplification of the ISO 8601 calendar date extended format. The format is as follows:

Date.parse() and the Date() constructor both accept strings in the date time string format as input. Furthermore, implementations are allowed to support other date formats when the input fails to match this format.

When a segment overflows or underflows its expected range, it usually \"carries over to\" or \"borrows from\" the higher segment. For example, if the month is set to 12 (months are zero-based, so December is 11), it become the January of the next year. If the day of month is set to 0, it becomes the last day of the previous month. This also applies to dates specified with the date time string format.

Note: To generate a timestamp from a string representation of the date, you may be able to use strtotime(). Additionally, some databases have functions to convert their date formats into timestamps (such as MySQL's  UNIX_TIMESTAMP function).

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There is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in Arabia from the 6th millennium BCE.[9] The total annual world production of dates amounts to 8.5 million metric tons (9.410^6 short tons), countries of the Middle East and North Africa being the largest producers and consumers.[10] Dates are "emblematic of oasis agriculture and highly symbolic in Muslim, Christian, and Jewish religions".[9]

A draft genome of P. dactylifera (Khalas variety) was published in 2011[12] followed by more complete genome assemblies in 2013[13] and 2019.[14] The later study used long-read sequencing technology. With the release of this improved genome assembly, the researchers were able to map genes for fruit color and sugar content.[14] The NYU Abu Dhabi researchers had also re-sequenced the genomes of several date varieties to develop the first single nucleotide polymorphism map of the date palm genome in 2015.[15]

The species name dactylifera 'date-bearing' is Latin, and is formed with the loanword dactylus in Latin from Greek daktylos (), which means 'date' (also 'finger'),[16] and with the native Latin fero, which means 'to bear'.[17] The fruit is known as a date.[18] The fruit's English name (through Old French, through Latin) comes from the Greek word for 'finger', ,[16] because of the fruit's elongated shape.

The place of origin of the date palm is uncertain because of long cultivation. According to some sources it probably originated from the Fertile Crescent region straddling Egypt and Mesopotamia[6] while others state that they are native to the Persian Gulf area or even western India.[19] Fossil records show that the date palm has existed for at least 50 million years.[20]

A major palm pest, the red palm beetle (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), currently poses a significant threat to date production in parts of the Middle East as well as to iconic landscape specimens throughout the Mediterranean world. Pinhas et al. 2008 uses piezoelectric sensors and speech recognition technology to detect R. ferrugineus. They achieved a 98% detection ratio on young P. dactylifera in very controlled laboratory conditions.[21] Another significant insect pest is Ommatissus lybicus, sometimes called the "dubas bug", whose sap sucking results in sooty mould formation.

In the 1920s, eleven healthy Medjool palms were transferred from Morocco to the United States where they were tended by members of the Chemehuevi tribe[which?] in a remote region of Nevada. Nine of these survived and in 1935, cultivars were transferred to the "U.S. Date Garden" in Indio, California. Eventually this stock was reintroduced to Africa and led to the U.S. production of dates in Yuma, Arizona, and Bard, California.[22]

Dates have been cultivated in the Middle East and the Indus Valley for thousands of years, and there is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in Mehrgarh, a Neolithic civilization in western Pakistan, around 7000 BCE[26] and in eastern Arabia between 5530 and 5320 calBC.[27] Dates have been cultivated since ancient times from Mesopotamia to prehistoric Egypt. The ancient Egyptians used the fruits to make date wine and ate dates at harvest.[citation needed] Evidence of cultivation is continually found throughout later civilizations in the Indus Valley, including the Harappan period from 2600 to 1900 BCE.[26]

One cultivar, the Judean date palm, is renowned for its long-lived orthodox seed, which successfully sprouted after accidental storage for 2,000 years.[28] In total seven seeds about 2000 years old have sprouted and turned into trees named Methuselah, Hannah, Adam, Judith, Boaz, Jonah and Uriel.[29] The upper survival time limit of properly stored seeds remains unknown.[30] A genomic study from New York University Abu Dhabi Center for Genomics and Systems Biology showed that domesticated date palm varieties from North Africa, including well-known varieties such as Medjool and Deglet Nour, share large parts of their genome with Middle East date palms and the Cretan wild palms,P. theophrasti, as well as Indian wild palms, Phoenix sylvestris.

A large number of date cultivars and varieties emerged through history of its cultivation, but the exact number is difficult to assess. Hussain and El-Zeid[32] (1975) have reported 400 varieties, while Nixon[33] (1954) named around 250. Most of those are limited to a particular region, and only a few dozen have attained broader commercial importance. The most renowned cultivars worldwide include Deglet Noor, originally of Algeria; Yahidi and Hallawi of Iraq; Medjool of Morocco; Mazafati of Iran.[34]

Dry or soft dates are eaten out-of-hand, or may be pitted and stuffed with fillings such as almonds, walnuts, pecans, candied orange and lemon peel, tahini, marzipan or cream cheese. Pitted dates are also referred to as stoned dates. Partially dried pitted dates may be glazed with glucose syrup for use as a snack food. Dates can also be chopped and used in a range of sweet and savory dishes, from tajines (tagines) in Morocco to puddings, ka'ak (types of Arab cookies) and other dessert items. Date nut bread, a type of cake, is very popular in the United States, especially around holidays. Dates are also processed into cubes, paste called 'ajwa, spread, date syrup or "honey" called "dibs" or rub in Libya, powder (date sugar), vinegar or alcohol. Vinegar made from dates was a traditional product of the Middle East.[35][36] Recent innovations include chocolate-covered dates and products such as sparkling date juice, used in some Islamic countries as a non-alcoholic version of champagne, for special occasions and religious times such as Ramadan. When Muslims break fast in the evening meal of Ramadan, it is traditional to eat a date first. ff782bc1db

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