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A key aim of Services in Kubernetes is that you don't need to modify your existingapplication to use an unfamiliar service discovery mechanism.You can run code in Pods, whether this is a code designed for a cloud-native world, oran older app you've containerized. You use a Service to make that set of Pods availableon the network so that clients can interact with it.

The Gateway API for Kubernetesprovides extra capabilities beyond Ingress and Service. You can add Gateway to your cluster -it is a family of extension APIs, implemented usingCustomResourceDefinitions -and then use these to configure access to network services that are running in your cluster.

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If you're able to use Kubernetes APIs for service discovery in your application,you can query the API serverfor matching EndpointSlices. Kubernetes updates the EndpointSlices for a Servicewhenever the set of Pods in a Service changes.

When you create an EndpointSlice object for a Service, you canuse any name for the EndpointSlice. Each EndpointSlice in a namespace must have aunique name. You link an EndpointSlice to a Service by setting thekubernetes.io/service-name labelon that EndpointSlice.

The IP address that you choose must be a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address from within theservice-cluster-ip-range CIDR range that is configured for the API server.If you try to create a Service with an invalid clusterIP address value, the APIserver will return a 422 HTTP status code to indicate that there's a problem.

If you set the type field to NodePort, the Kubernetes control planeallocates a port from a range specified by --service-node-port-range flag (default: 30000-32767).Each node proxies that port (the same port number on every Node) into your Service.Your Service reports the allocated port in its .spec.ports[*].nodePort field.

The policy for assigning ports to NodePort services applies to both the auto-assignment andthe manual assignment scenarios. When a user wants to create a NodePort service thatuses a specific port, the target port may conflict with another port that has already been assigned.

To avoid this problem, the port range for NodePort services is divided into two bands.Dynamic port assignment uses the upper band by default, and it may use the lower band once theupper band has been exhausted. Users can then allocate from the lower band with a lower risk of port collision.

You can set up nodes in your cluster to use a particular IP address for serving node portservices. You might want to do this if each node is connected to multiple networks (for example:one network for application traffic, and another network for traffic between nodes and thecontrol plane).

metadata: name: my-service annotations: networking.gke.io/load-balancer-type: "Internal"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-internal: "true"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-load-balancer-internal: "true"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.kubernetes.io/ibm-load-balancer-cloud-provider-ip-type: "private"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/openstack-internal-load-balancer: "true"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/cce-load-balancer-internal-vpc: "true"metadata: annotations: service.kubernetes.io/qcloud-loadbalancer-internal-subnetid: subnet-xxxxxmetadata: annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/alibaba-cloud-loadbalancer-address-type: "intranet"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/oci-load-balancer-internal: truetype: ExternalNameServices of type ExternalName map a Service to a DNS name, not to a typical selector such asmy-service or cassandra. You specify these Services with the spec.externalName parameter.

When looking up the host my-service.prod.svc.cluster.local, the cluster DNS Servicereturns a CNAME record with the value my.database.example.com. Accessingmy-service works in the same way as other Services but with the crucialdifference that redirection happens at the DNS level rather than via proxying orforwarding. Should you later decide to move your database into your cluster, youcan start its Pods, add appropriate selectors or endpoints, and change theService's type.

For example, if you have a Service called my-service in a Kubernetesnamespace my-ns, the control plane and the DNS Service acting togethercreate a DNS record for my-service.my-ns. Pods in the my-ns namespaceshould be able to find the service by doing a name lookup for my-service(my-service.my-ns would also work).

Kubernetes also supports DNS SRV (Service) records for named ports. If themy-service.my-ns Service has a port named http with the protocol set toTCP, you can do a DNS SRV query for _http._tcp.my-service.my-ns to discoverthe port number for http, as well as the IP address.

A service is an act or use for which a consumer, firm, or government is willing to pay.[1] Examples include work done by barbers, doctors, lawyers, mechanics, banks, insurance companies, and so on. Public services are those that society (nation state, fiscal union or region) as a whole pays for. Using resources, skill, ingenuity, and experience, service providers benefit service consumers. Services may be defined as intangible acts or performances whereby the service provider provides value to the customer.

The service provider must deliver the service at the exact time of service consumption. The service is not manifested in a physical object that is independent of the provider. The service consumer is also inseparable from service delivery. Examples: The service consumer must sit in the hairdresser's chair, or in the airplane seat. Correspondingly, the hairdresser or the pilot must be in the shop or plane, respectively, to deliver the service.

Mass generation and delivery of services must be mastered for a service provider to expand. This can be seen as a problem of service quality. Both inputs and outputs to the processes involved providing services are highly variable, as are the relationships between these processes, making it difficult to maintain consistent service quality. Many services involve variable human activity, rather than a precisely determined process; exceptions include utilities. The human factor is often the key success factor in service provision. Demand can vary by season, time of day, business cycle, etc. Consistency is necessary to create enduring business relationships.

The service encounter is defined as all activities involved in the service delivery process. Some service managers use the term "moment of truth" to indicate that point in a service encounter where interactions are most intense.[citation needed]

Many business theorists view service provision as a performance or act (sometimes humorously referred to as dramalurgy, perhaps in reference to dramaturgy). The location of the service delivery is referred to as the stage and the objects that facilitate the service process are called props. A script is a sequence of behaviors followed by those involved, including the client(s). Some service dramas are tightly scripted, others are more ad lib. Role congruence occurs when each actor follows a script that harmonizes with the roles played by the other actors.[citation needed]

In some service industries, especially health care, dispute resolution and social services, a popular concept is the idea of the caseload, which refers to the total number of patients, clients, litigants, or claimants for which a given employee is responsible. Employees must balance the needs of each individual case against the needs of all other current cases as well as their own needs.[citation needed]

Lovelock used the number of delivery sites (whether single or multiple) and the method of delivery to classify services in a 2 x 3 matrix. Then implications are that the convenience of receiving the service is the lowest when the customer has to come to the service and must use a single or specific outlet. Convenience increases (to a point) as the number of service points increase.[citation needed]

The distinction between a good and a service remains disputed. The perspective in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries focused on creation and possession of wealth. Classical economists contended that goods were objects of value over which ownership rights could be established and exchanged. Ownership implied tangible possession of an object that had been acquired through purchase, barter or gift from the producer or previous owner and was legally identifiable as the property of the current owner.

Adam Smith's famous book, The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, distinguished between the outputs of what he termed "productive" and "unproductive" labor. The former, he stated, produced goods that could be stored after production and subsequently exchanged for money or other items of value. The latter, however useful or necessary, created services that perished at the time of production and therefore did not contribute to wealth. Building on this theme, French economist Jean-Baptiste Say argued that production and consumption were inseparable in services, coining the term "immaterial products" to describe them.

The following is a list of service industries, grouped into sectors. Parenthetical notations indicate how specific occupations and organizations can be regarded as service industries to the extent they provide an intangible service, as opposed to a tangible good.

The Department of Justice published revised final regulations implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) for title II (State and local government services) and title III (public accommodations and commercial facilities) on September 15, 2010, in the Federal Register. These requirements, or rules, contain updated requirements, including the 2010 Standards for Accessible Design (2010 Standards).

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