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The flag of Nigeria was designed by Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi and was officially adopted to represent the nation of Nigeria at midnight on 1 October 1960, the day the country gained independence. The flag was chosen as part of a nationwide open contest held by the government, with Akinkunmi's design being selected as the winner of a field of over three thousand entries. The flag is a vertical bicolour green-white-green design, with the green to represent agricultural and white to represent peace and unity.

In preparation for the independence of Nigeria from the British Empire, a national planning committee was established which set a competition to select a national flag in 1958.[1] In 1959, out of almost 3,000 entries, Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi won the competition with an equal green-white-green with a red quarter sun on the white stripe was chosen.[1] After acceptance, the committee removed the red quarter sun,[2] The accepted flag now consists of a vertical bicolour green-white-green; the green stand for agriculture and white stand for unity and peace.[1][3] On 1 October 1960, the modern-day flag came into effect as the first official flag of an independent Nigeria and was raised for the first time in a ceremony by Lieutenant David Ejoor.[1][2][4]

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In the late 17th century, present-day Nigeria was made up of diverse ethnic groups without national flags[1]In 1914, after the amalgamation of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate, Lord Lugard chose a British blue ensign with a green six-pointed star described as the Seal of Solomon surrounding the royal crown with the white word "Nigeria" under it on a red disc as the flag of the Nigerian Protectorate.[1]

The flag of the Federal Republic of Nigeria was designed in 1959 and first officially hoisted on 1 October 1960. The flag has three vertical bands of green, white, green. The two green stripes represent natural wealth, and the white represents peace and unity

The coat of arms of Nigeria consists of a black shield with a wavy white pall, symbolizing the meeting of the Niger and Benue Rivers at Lokoja. The black shield represents Nigeria's fertile soil, while the two supporting horses or chargers on each side represent dignity. The eagle represents strength, while the green and white twists of the torse on the top of the shield represent the rich soil.[1]

The red flowers at the base are Costus spectabilis, Nigeria's national flower. This flower was chosen for inclusion in the coat of arms as it is found all over Nigeria and also stand for the beauty of the nation. On the banderole around the base is Nigeria's national motto since 1978: "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress" (formerly "Peace, Unity, Freedom").[1]

The coat of arms is shown differently in various sources. Album de Pavillons [pay01] shows them with yellow horses and white ribbon (inscribed UNITY AND FAITH PEACE AND PROGRESS), while Crampton [cra90f] shows white horses and yellow ribbon. Whitney Smith in Flags Through the Ages and Across the World [smi75b] and [smi82] illustrates somewhat different arms, with the inscription being only UNITY AND FAITH. I suppose the coat of arms may have changed, probably at the same time when the new naval ensign was adopted and possibly when the civil ensign was abandoned.

eljko Heimer, 05 July 2002

The Nigerian National Flag, which is governed by the Flag and Coat-of-Arms Ordinance of 1960, is also the symbol of authority and instrument of state power. Next to Mother earth, it is the only National symbol worth dying for. It tells the history of a people and their aspirations.TREATMENT OF THE NATIONAL FLAGThe National Flag is hoisted and flown ceremoniously and briskly in the morning and at sunrise and lowered slowly in the same manner in the evening at sunset (6.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.). A flag does not sleep.

When the National Flag is in a room or hung anywhere, no other flag, emblem or insignia should be place higher than it should. Old or worn out flags must never be used or displayed. When a Flag becomes soiled, old, torn or mutilated, the cloth should be destroyed by burning or any other method with decorum and respect.

The Nigerian National Flag is divided vertically into three equal parts. The central part is white and the two other parts are green. The green of the flag represents agriculture and the white Unity and Peace. The white is immaculate white and the emerald green is popularly known as the Nigerian Green.

i. When the National Flag is carried in a procession, the carrier should be neatly and properly dressed, and must be in front.

ii. When there are two flags but the second Flag is not a National Flag; for example, Red Cross flag or a banner, the National Flag should be in front.

iii. When the other flags are carried along in a procession the National Flag should be in front and at the center of all other flags in the procession.

iv. For an audience in auditorium or hall, the flag should be on the right end of the first row.

v. For a speaker on the platform, the National Flag should be on the speaker's right hand as he face the audience. Other flags can be on the left and take their position sideways both left and right.

vi. Whenever a group of flags are displayed, the Nigerian Flag should be at the centre and placed higher than the others.

vii. It is only on rare occasions that a flag can be used horizontally or laid flat. One of such occasions is over a casket. A licence must be granted by the government before this is done.

viii. On funeral occasions, Remembrance Days, or National Catastrophe the Flag is flown at half mast.

ix. Only cars of special dignitaries are allowed to use the Flag. Where permitted, the Flag should be mounted on the radiator cap or attached to the right fender of the vehicle chassis.

x. For the purpose of clarity, the only special dignitaries in the present set up, allowed to mount and fly the National Flag on official vehicles are:

Taken from a Specification for the Nigerian National Flag, Nigeria Industrial Standards NIS 297 (UDC 929.9) issued in 1987. According to this the flag's sleeve must be in the same colour as the outer panels, and that the shade of green has been set by standard flags held at the Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs and by the Standards Organization of Nigeria.

Christopher Southworth, 29 May 2005

The Nigerian national flag is green, under with standard No. BF of 1955 it is chart 0-0-10, under The British Colour Council it is classified as CC104-CC105, and under SILOR international color chart is classified as 193-173 (Source: Federal Ministry of Information).

Jaume Olle, 15 July 1997

In the early 1800 Britain took control over Nigeria, various parts of the country had British Blue Ensigns and British White Ensigns. In 1870 the flag of British West Africa adopted, it was a typical British Blue Ensign with a badge showing a elephant, palm tree, sand and green mountains.

In 1888 the flag of the Royal Niger Company was changed to a British Blue Ensign with the same badge. The Oil Rivers Protectorate was renamed the Niger Coast Protectorate in 1893, the British blue Ensign remained the same.

When Nigeria gained independence in 1960 a new green-white-green tricolour flag was adopted. Designed by Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi, the green stripes represent the wealth in the country and the white band represents peace.

The Presidential Standard of Nigeria is the flag of the President and is the national flag with the coat of arms at the centre. The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces; a specific four band red-black-white-green flag is flown.

A flag is a piece of fabric, often flown from a pole or mast, used symbolically for signalling or identification especially by a country. The use of flags spread from India and China, where they were almost certainly invented. During the middle ages, flags were used for a variety of purposes including: identification of members of nobility, guilds, cities, religious worship, and for use during battles. Over the years, flags have become the means of identifying nationalities and serve as a national symbol. Although presently, this is the predominant use of flags, history displays the flag as an important entity, used by the military during times of war and even as a means of communication by sea.

Laws have been established to permit citizens to display their country flags in their homes or elsewhere as a sign of pride and patriotism, however, this is a restrained practice in Nigeria with our flags on display only at strategic places and events with national significance. However, most of our youth would rather fly the flags of their sports clubs or other countries than the Nigerian flag. With occurrences such as this, will the present and future generation of Nigerian children develop a passion for our country? Will they have pride and respect for their heritage and the will to defend the Nigerian state? It is therefore priority that we inculcate in our present day children and youth, a deep love for our country. Research has proven that children tend to permanently adapt to lessons learned at a tender age. The Nigerian flag bears lessons and history that may be taught to these young ones and should thus be displayed in their schools as a constant reminder of who they are, what they stand for and how far they have come.

Did you know that the original design for the Nigerian flag was altered? In this article, we discuss the history behind the national flag, key facts to be aware of, and the consequences for violations related to the flag.

In 1958, Nigeria started working towards becoming part of the big boys. We were ready to be an independent country, which led to the creation of a national planning committee. The national planning committee held a competition to select the national flag, with the winner chosen by popular vote. 2351a5e196