When a newspaper article has an author or authors, it is said to be "signed."Newspaper articles may be signed either at the beginning of the article or at itsconclusion. If the article is signed, begin the reference with the surname (familyname or last name) of the author; if the article is unsigned, begin the referencewith the title of the article; the use of "anonymous" is not permitted.

The most comprehensive range of national, regional and local newspapers in 19th century Britain ever made available in a digital collection, drawn from the holdings of the British Library. These publications provide a first-hand perspective on well-known historical events, cultural icons, sporting events, the arts, culture and other national pastimes.


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Full text access to all content from 1997-2016, except for letters to the editor, death notices and advertising. Founded in 1839, the Akron Beacon Journal is a four-time Pulitzer Prize-winning newspaper that serves readers in Summit, Medina, Portage, Stark and Wayne counties.

Full text articles from nearly 1,800 general reference, business, consumer health, general science, and multicultural periodicals. It also offers indexing and abstracts for over 2,700 periodicals. Full text backfiles go as far back as January of 1990, while indexing and abstracts backfiles go as far back as January of 1984. Updated daily.

Ethnic NewsWatch is a full-text database of minority, Native American and ethnic U.S. newspapers, magazines and journals. Includes more than 470,000 full-text articles from over 200 publications dating from 1985 to the present. It is searchable in both English and Spanish, with titles in both languages. Includes abstract/index (covering 1992-2004) and full text (covering 2005 to present) of Cleveland Call and Post and full text of the Cleveland Jewish News from 1995 to the present.

Newspaper Source provides cover-to-cover full text for more than 40 national (U.S.) and international newspapers. The database also contains selective full text for more than 330 regional (U.S.) newspapers. In addition, full-text television and radio news transcripts are provided from CBS News, CNN, CNN International, FOX News, NPR, and more.

19th Century U.S. Newspapers is a database of over 1.7 million pages of primary source content (28 million full text articles) selected to provide a comprehensive resource covering the century in detail. The full-text issues come from 500 newspapers, representing urban and rural regions, across the U.S. The collection includes the Cleveland Daily Herald for the years 1835 to 1871, as well as selected issues from nine other Ohio newspapers from 1801 to 1880.

If the name of the journalist or writer is shown, start with this. If not, start with the name of the online newspaper site. Give the title and date of the item or article, and, as for other online sources, the URL address where the article is available and the date you accessed it.

Ghostly particles called neutrinos are so ethereal that they can pass through the entire Earth (illustrated). Scientists are studying these particles to learn about why the universe has more matter than antimatter.

This online collection presents newspapers edited by Frederick Douglass (1818-1895), the African American abolitionist who escaped slavery and became one of the most famous orators, authors, and journalists of the 19th century.

Douglass' newspapers also stressed black self-improvement and responsibility. One stated object of The North Star, as given in the December 3, 1847 issue, was to "promote the moral and intellectual improvement of the colored people."

The Frederick Douglass Newspapers collection contains more than 575 issues of three weekly newspaper titles, which have been digitally scanned from the Library of Congress collection of original paper issues and master negative microfilm.

Douglass founded and edited his first antislavery newspaper, The North Star, beginning December 3, 1847. The title referred to the bright star, Polaris, that helped guide those escaping slavery to the North. As Douglass explained in the initial issue: "To millions, now in our boasted land of liberty, it is the STAR OF HOPE." Douglass and his family moved from Lynn, Massachusetts, to Rochester, New York, a thriving city on the Erie Canal and one of the last stops on the Underground Railroad before safe haven in Canada. The move also gave him distance from his early mentor, the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, whose newspaper, The Liberator, was published in Boston, and who opposed Douglass' newspaper venture. Initially, his co-editor was black abolitionist Martin R. Delany, who had published his own newspaper, The Mystery, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania until earlier that year. His first publisher was William Cooper Nell, a black abolitionist from Boston. Douglass gained much of the funding to establish The North Star during a lengthy speaking tour of England, Ireland, and Scotland from late August 1845 to early April 1847, which followed the publication of his first autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. British abolitionist Julia Griffiths, whom he met during the tour, moved to Rochester in 1849 and was able to get the newspaper on better financial footing.1

In 1859, Douglass added a monthly as a supplement to the weekly paper, but by mid-1860, Douglass' Monthly replaced the weekly publication, as he increasingly focused on the impending Civil War and, during the war, on recruitment and acceptance of black troops. Douglass only ended the monthly publication in August 1863, when promised an army commission by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton after separate meetings with Stanton and President Lincoln about unequal pay and poor treatment of black troops. The commission never materialized, but 16 years of newspaper publication ended.2

Douglass' final newspaper venture brought him to Washington, D.C. In September 1870, he became editor-in-chief and part owner of the New National Era, renamed from the short-lived New Era, for which he had been a corresponding editor based in Rochester. The New National Era gave Douglass a platform to champion Reconstruction and Radical Republican policies and to attack the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, the romanticizing of the South in the "Lost Cause," and bigotry and violence against African Americans throughout the U.S. His deep association with the newspaper was relatively short-lived, however. After fully purchasing the newspaper so that it would not fail, Douglass mainly turned it over to his sons, Lewis and Frederick, Jr., who published it for its remaining few years. Writing about the New National Era in his third autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass External, he stated, "A misadventure though it was, which cost me from nine to ten thousand dollars, over it I have no tears to shed. The journal was valuable while it lasted, and the experiment was full of instruction to me, which has to some extent been heeded, for I have kept well out of newspaper undertakings since."

Facts and case summary for Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988) The First Amendment rights of student journalists are not violated when school officials prevent the publication of certain articles in the school newspaper.

Claiming that the school violated their First Amendment rights, the students took their case to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri in St. Louis. The trial court ruled that the school had the authority to remove articles that were written as part of a class.

In a 5-3 ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the principal's actions did not violate the students' free speech rights. The Court noted that the paper was sponsored by the school and, as such, the school had a legitimate interest in preventing the publication of articles that it deemed inappropriate and that might appear to have the imprimatur of the school.

Specifically, the Court noted that the paper was not intended as a public forum in which everyone could share views; rather, it was a limited forum for journalism students to write articles, subject to school editing, that met the requirements of their Journalism II class.

Cite a newspaper article as you would a magazine article, but note the different pagination in most newspapers. If there is more than one edition available for that date (as in an early and late edition of a newspaper), identify the edition after the newspaper title.

We aimed to compile a comprehensive database of global coverage of countries, languages and online newspapers. To this end, we put together a large network of spider experts to mine data in as many languages and countries as possible. We searched for news in 40 unique languages and covered the online press in 81 countries and all six continents where spiders can be found. Due to an uneven availability of experts, however, there is a bias in the database towards temperate regions (Europe and North America). African countries are the least represented.

We focused on newspaper articles published online between 2010 and 2020 (partial and uneven temporal coverage for 2020). Thus, the temporal span of our study mostly covered the advent of online journalism and the parallel diffusion of news through social media platforms29.

We adapted the methodology of Mammola et al. (ref. 2) for retrieving news articles on human-spider encounters published in online newspapers in the target countries. To ensure that different authors in charge of different countries and languages adhered to an unequivocal data mining strategy, we began by preparing a general protocol for retrieving and extracting information from the news (Appendix S1). This protocol, shared with all authors, included: i) instructions for media report retrieval and data mining (see below); ii) a continuously updated list of Frequently Asked Questions discussing how to handle specific cases; iii) a description of the most common envenomation symptoms, which was used to standardize the assessment of the errors related to spider venom (see next section). 2351a5e196

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