The Cape Cod Canal is a sea-level waterway offering vessels a minimum channel width of 480 feet wide and an authorized depth of 32 feet at mean low water. The swift running Canal current changes direction every six hours and can reach a maximum velocity of 5.2 miles per hour, during the ebb (westerly) tide. The three bridges that span the Canal were designed to allow for 135 feet of vertical clearance above mean high tide.
Vessels up to 825 feet in length can use the Canal's safer, shorter route, but many small recreational craft enjoy the waterway as well. All mariners should familiarize themselves with the Canal's navigation regulations before entering. Recreational boaters are also strongly urged to review the Canal boating safety guide, which outlines the unique hazards boaters face while transiting the Canal. The navigation bulletin advises all mariners about shoaling and current construction projects that affect navigation in the Canal.
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Use of Cape Cod Canal saves mariners an average of 135 miles of coastwise travel while circumnavigating Cape Cod. Support for the navigation mission at the Canal includes a state of the art Marine Traffic Control System, Marine Traffic Patrol by Corps vessels, and maintenance and improvement of the Canal channel and mooring basins.
Supporting the nation by maintaining and improving navigation channels was among the Corps of Engineers' earliest Civil Works missions, dating to Federal laws in 1824 authorizing the Corps to improve safety on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and several other ports. The Corps maintains navigable waterways, such as the Cape Cod Canal, by keeping them at Congressionally authorized depths and widths through dredging and other means. The improvement of the original privately owned Cape Cod Canal is one example of how the improvement process works.
Today, the Corps maintains more than 12,000 miles (19,200 km) of inland waterways and operates 235 locks. These waterways, a system of rivers, lakes and coastal bays improved for commercial and recreational transportation, carry about 1/6 of the nation's inter-city freight, at a cost per ton-mile about 1/2 that of rail or 1/10 of trucks transportation. Ports and waterways also play a role in national defense. Practically all the heavy equipment and supplies bound for overseas military deployments moved by ship through ports maintained by the civil works program.
During the 1950s and 1960s the number of vessels and the volume of cargo tonnage shipped through the Canal steadily increased. To keep pace with increased waterway usage and to save on personnel costs, the Corps of Engineers designed and installed an integrated ship traffic control system in the early 1970s. The system utilized limited radar and complete closed circuit television surveillance to monitor the channel from towers which were strategically positioned along the waterway. The radar and television images were relayed to a central control console in Buzzards Bay from which a Marine Traffic Controller was able to monitor all ship traffic in the Canal. Using a multichannel marine band radio, the controller was able to communicate directly with ships transiting the waterway.
The modern Marine Traffic Control System is an advanced display and decision support system. The system integrates radars, closed circuit television cameras, VHF radio, tide elevation and sensors for wind speed, air and water temperature. Automatic processing of all data collection presents a complete picture of vessels and conditions in the canal to support management of the 17.4 mile waterway. Data on vessel movements and communication are recorded for playback.
The Cape Cod Canal Marine Operations Section patrols the Cape Cod Canal with a mission to keep the 17.4 mile waterway safe for transits of both commercial and recreational vessels. To achieve their mission, Marine Operations personnel render assistance to disabled commercial and recreational vessels in the Canal; seek compliance and enforce Canal navigation rules and regulations; inspect infrastructure along the Canal; investigate and make reports on pollution incidents and other incidents; enforce an area of restriction around the Railroad bridge when it is in lowered position; and provide security zones for special interest vessels and endangered marine mammals within the waterway.
With a fleet of two 38-foot Metal Shark patrol boats and two 25-foot SAFE boats, the Marine Operations Section provides a quick and effective response to any marine emergency that occurs within the Canal. Assistance from Corps patrol boats can be requested from the Marine Traffic Controller on VHF channels 13, 14, or 16, or by telephone at 978-318-8500.
The controlling depth of the Cape Cod Canal is 32 feet MLLW. Sand shoals can periodically develop in the canal channel. All vessels transiting with a draft greater than 28 feet should contact and consult well in advance with the Marine Traffic Controller.
A ship's radar emits electromagnetic pulses that are reflected by other ships or objects nearby. The returning signals are received by the radar and converted into an image that is displayed on the radar screen.
The difference between X-band radar and S-band radar lies in the frequency at which the electromagnetic pulses are emitted. X-band radar has a higher frequency and offers higher resolution, while S-band radar has a lower frequency and offers a longer range.
The Doppler effect is a phenomenon in which the frequency of electromagnetic waves changes when the source or receiver moves relative to the wave. A ship's radar with the Doppler effect can thus measure the speed of ships in the area.
ARPA stands for Automatic Radar Plotting Aid and is a feature of marine radar systems that provides automatic plotting and collision avoidance capability. ARPA systems can calculate and display the position, speed, and direction of other vessels to aid in safe navigation and collision avoidance.
A marine radar requires regular maintenance and calibration to ensure it is working properly. It is also important that the antenna and other components are kept clean and free from dirt, snow and ice.
When using marine radar, certain precautions must be taken to ensure the device is safe and effective. This includes using antenna masts and brackets appropriate for the specific antenna and device, and monitoring the surrounding area for possible interference and interference.
Ship radar plays an important role in navigating the high seas as it allows the ship to detect and avoid other ships and objects in the vicinity. It is particularly useful in poor visibility and bad weather.
A ship's radar can be affected by rain, snow and fog in inclement weather, as these materials can absorb and reflect the electromagnetic signals. In some cases, a ship's radar can also be affected by sea conditions and wave movements.
Advantages of X-band radar are high resolution and accuracy, which allows detecting small objects and obstacles. Disadvantages are that it is susceptible to interference from rain and fog and that it has a limited range.
The main features of ARPA are the automatic plotting and collision avoidance function, calculating and displaying the position, speed and direction of other ships, and monitoring the surrounding area for possible collisions.
ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) is an advanced navigation system that uses electronic nautical charts and real-time information about vessels and surrounding objects to aid in safe and effective navigation. ECDIS has made navigation at sea safer and more efficient and is being used more and more in modern shipping.
GPS (Global Positioning System) plays an important role in navigation at sea as it allows the ship to determine its exact position and display it on the electronic nautical charts. GPS is particularly useful when navigating in unfamiliar waters and when visibility is poor.
An ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) system is a radar system that can calculate and display the position, speed, and direction of other vessels to aid in safe navigation and collision avoidance. An AIS (Automatic Identification System) system is a system that can identify vessels with a radio link and transmit information such as name, position, course and speed. While ARPA calculates the position of other ships based on radar information, AIS gets this information directly from the ships themselves. However, both systems can be used in combination to provide more comprehensive surveillance and collision avoidance.
RACON (Radar Beacon) is a small radio that emits a radar signal to give other ships and navigation systems a reference mark. RACONs are often placed on navaids and buoys to increase their visibility and allow for more precise navigation.
EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) is a distress beacon system that is automatically triggered in the event of an emergency and emits a signal that can be intercepted by search and rescue teams to pinpoint the ship's exact position. EPIRBs are an important piece of safety equipment at sea and can help increase the chances of shipwrecked people surviving.
SART (Search and Rescue Radar Transponder) is a distress beacon system that is activated in emergencies and emits a signal that radars can detect. Commonly used on lifeboats and lifejackets, SARTs can help facilitate search and rescue of shipwrecked people.
VTS (Vessel Traffic Service) is a surveillance system designed to coordinate and monitor the traffic of vessels in busy areas. VTS can collect and display information such as position, course and speed of vessels to support safe and effective navigation.
Radar and sonar are both technologies for locating objects, but they have different applications and working principles. Radar uses electromagnetic waves to determine the position of objects, while sonar uses sound waves. Radar is primarily used in aeronautics and marine navigation, while sonar is primarily used in underwater exploration and military applications. 152ee80cbc
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