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Objective: The Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) was implemented in our emergency department (ED) in May 2016 and is fully integrated into the electronic medical record (EMR) system. Our objective was to determine whether the KTAS is associated with changes in admissions to the hospital, admission disposition, inpatient mortality and length of stay (LOS).

Results: A total of 59 220 and 63 150 patients were included in the before-and-after periods of KTAS implementation, respectively. The pattern of admission and disposition changed significantly after implementation of the KTAS. The mean LOS was 343 min (standard deviation [SD] = 432 min) during the before period, which significantly decreased to 289 min (SD = 333 min) after implementation (P < 0.001). The total mortality rate was significantly reduced after implementation of the KTAS (213 (0.36%) vs. 179 (0.28%), P = 0.020).

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Results: Among 729,343 subjects, 496,560 (68.1%) were classified as regular visitors. Old age, male sex, lack of medical aid insurance, attendance of a tertiary hospital, a high Charlson comorbidity index, and a history of admission for exacerbated asthma in the previous year were significant determining factors for regular visitor status. When we adjusted for all these factors, frequent visitors showed a lower risk of asthma exacerbation requiring general ward admission (odds ratio [OR] 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.50; P < 0.001), emergency room admission (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.79-0.86; P < 0.001), and intensive care unit admission (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.44-0.54; P < 0.001) than infrequent visitors.

Mount Holyoke partners with Uway and InitialView to provide an opportunity for students who have taken the College Scholastic Ability Test (known as the CSAT or Suneung) in South Korea to apply for admission using their CSAT scores and an InitialView interview.

Admission temperature distribution. Only 25.2% of infants had a normal admission temperatures ranging from 36.5C to 37.5C. Approximately 74.1% of infants had hypothermia 37.5C at neonatal intensive care unit admission.

Unfortunately, we did not include a comparison between centers. There might be large variations in the incidences and proportions of admission hypothermia among centers, which would be determined by the DR temperature and the policies of each center for preventing hypothermia at delivery. However, the DR temperature or thermoregulation policies of each center were not included in these cohort data, and the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention did not permit individual data of each center to be evaluated. From the report of one center belonging to the KNN located in Seoul, which had a smaller proportion of infants (54.9%) with admission hypothermia (

The multivariate analysis in the present study indicated that the effect of gestational age alone was small but that birth weight was more strongly associated with admission hypothermia. Similar to the results of the multivariate analysis, the proportion of normothermic infants did not differ from 26 to 32 weeks of gestation in our study (Fig. 2). A mismatch between heat production and heat exchange with the ambient environment in the DR is determined by a large surface area and surface-to-weight ratio; thus, birth weight would be more closely associated with body temperature in preterm infants than gestational age.

Our study has several limitations. First, we could not obtain the hospital-specific data from each NICU registered in the KNN. Not only did we not know the temperature of the DR of each center, but we also could not evaluate the policies for preventing hypothermia in the DR at each center. Second, our study collected data from the national cohort of VLBW infants; growth-restricted mature infants could be included in this cohort. To overcome this limitation, we analyzed data only for infants less than 33 weeks of gestational age. Third, body temperature was not collected using uniform methods, and we did not register the site at which the temperature was measured, which might have influenced the precision of the temperature. Recent studies have shown differences between axillary and rectal measurements but have also indicated that the differences are smaller in infants of younger gestational ages [29-32]. Fourth, 243 infants (5.2%) had missing admission temperatures, and 300 infants (6.4%) were excluded due to transfer to other hospitals, which could have potentially biased the results.

Whether the prevention of low temperatures at birth decreases mortality or whether low admission temperature is part of a casual path or simply a marker for an increase in the likelihood of mortality cannot be determined from this observational analysis. The strengths of our study included the use of data from a large nationwide dataset. The large amount of data also enabled us to evaluate the association between hypothermia at NICU admission and neonatal outcomes. The results of this observational cohort study demonstrate that minimizing the extent of temperature reduction at birth for premature infants remains challenging. This could be achieved by a combination of interventions that together aimed to counteract physical mechanisms of heat loss of preterm infants through interdisciplinary approaches involving obstetric and neonatal teams. In addition, increasing awareness about both the prevalence and the possible risks associated with hypothermia may be the motivation for improving clinical practices and abolishing hypothermia [33,34]. Additionally, consistent and standardized measurement of admission temperature should be an integral part of any quality improvement work targeting hypothermia after very preterm birth.

Applicants are notified of admission decisions, in most cases, around four weeks following the completion of an application file. Some programs require that an enrollment deposit be paid within 30 days of notification of acceptance. The enrollment deposit will be applied toward the first quarter's tuition and is nonrefundable.

As a self-evaluation test conducted by the universities themselves, the self-evaluation test consists of mainly essay tests, along with various evaluation methods, such as oral interviews, major aptitude tests, and practical skills offered for each university, in order to ensure fair opportunities for each student. Recently, the number of Admission Officers in Systems has been increasing in bolding measures to reshape the test-oriented admissions process. Some of these measures include viewing potential, evaluating extra-curricular activities, and considering recommendations from principals and teachers that can further enhance their academic abilities.[5]

From 1982 to 1993, students were selected through the achievement test and university examination. Up until 1987, students were to take the achievement test in order to understand the academic standard of students through their scores, along with adding this score during their application process to universities. Starting in 1988, students were to apply for each university, one at a time, during the first and second semesters of admission periods, and then took the tests provided by the universities they applied for.[7] This process is also referred to as the "apply first, test later" system.[8]

Early admission began in 1997 when the main exam was abolished.[11] It is largely divided into the first and second rounds, with the first being conducted before the College Scholastic Ability Test and the second being after the College Scholastic Ability Test. If necessary, a third round of recruitment may be conducted. In early admission, the importance of the College Scholastic Ability Test is lowered, and the contents of the university examination or student record has a more significant impact in selecting students.

Initially, the recruitment was divided into the first semester and the second semester. In the 2010 school year, recruitment for the first semester of early admission was abolished, and since then, universities only recruit students for the second semester of early admission.[12]

In early admission, the scores of the College Scholastic Ability Test are not considered, because the early admission process is conducted before the exam is administered. However, most universities use the grade scores of the College Scholastic Ability Test to implement the lowest grading system, so the CSAT still has a significant impact on admissions. Starting in 2018, some universities have abolished the lowest grading system, a source of public controversy.[13]

Originally, there was no limit on the number of applications. But as several problems such as application costs were raised, applications were limited to six times from the 2013 school year. Only four-year universities, including universities of education, are applicable, except for industrial universities, colleges of expertise, and other universities. Universities can limit eligibility for applications. In addition, there was no unregistered recruitment. To minimize the number of people carried forward from the regular admission process from the 2012 school year, unregistered recruitment was also introduced.[14]

Those who have passed early recruitment and unregistered recruitment (except for those who have passed unregistered recruitment only in the 2012 school year when the number of unregistered recruits was first introduced) do not apply for regular admission. Due to the advantage of being able to select excellent students in advance, the proportion of early admissions is increasing. In particular, the number of comprehensive student records screening is increasing, and the number of comprehensive screenings to assess sincerity, serviceability, and creativity is increasing the most.

Critics call comprehensive student record screenings a "gold spoon admission," which results in different results depending on parents' socio-economic status or political power. Criticism has been raised that private education aimed at creating a "spec" to be listed in the student record has become a "gold spoon screening" and that it is driving top-ranked students to win in-school awards that will highlight their school records.[20][21] 2351a5e196