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Johannes Vermeer is one of the most famous Dutch painters of the 17th century. He is famous for his intimate household scenes with amazing light. In other paintings by Vermeer, such as the famous Girl with a Pearl Earring and View of Delft, he managed to create a calm, almost timeless atmosphere.
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Are you looking for a special gift? Or are you a fan of the Girl with the pearl earring by Johannes Vermeer? Please visit our shop or take a look in our online shop. From gold-plated pearl earrings to a rubber duck with a pearl earring, and from mouth masks to a 3D reproduction: there is something for everyone.
A young woman looks over her shoulder at us. She holds her head slightly to one side, there is a gleam in her greyish-blue eyes, and her lips are slightly parted and moist. On her head is a turban that she has wound from two pieces of material, one blue and one yellow, and she is adorned with a pearl earring. It is from this oversized jewel in the middle of the composition that the painting derives its title.
Seventeenth-century Dutch girls did not wear turbans. With this accessory Vermeer has given the girl an Oriental air. Images like this were known in the seventeenth century as tronies. Tronies are not portraits: they were not made in order to produce the best possible likeness of an individual. Although there would probably be a sitter, the point of a tronie was mainly to make a study of a head representing a particular character or type. Rembrandt had popularised tronies in Dutch art around 1630. He made dozens of them, often using himself as the model, sometimes wearing a remarkable cap or a helmet.
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The image, taken for the Associated Press by a 21-year-old Vietnamese-American photographer named Nick Ut, shows her at nine years of age running naked on a road after being severely burned on her back by a South Vietnamese napalm attack.[2]
Phan Thi Kim Phc and her family lived in Trng Bng in South Vietnam. On June 8, 1972, South Vietnamese planes dropped napalm on Trng Bng, which had been attacked and occupied by North Vietnamese forces.[4] Kim Phc joined a group of civilians and South Vietnamese soldiers who were fleeing from the Caodai Temple to the safety of South Vietnamese-held positions.[5] The Republic of Vietnam Air Force pilot flying an A-1E Skyraider mistook the group for enemy soldiers and diverted to attack.[6][7] The bombing killed two of Kim Phc's cousins and two other villagers. Kim Phc received third degree burns after her clothing was burned by the fire.[8]
After snapping the photograph, Ut took Kim Phc and the other injured children to Barsky Hospital in Saigon, where it was determined that her burns were so severe that she probably would not survive.[11][12] After a 14-month hospital stay and 17 surgical procedures, including skin transplantations, she was able to return home. A number of the early operations were performed by Finnish plastic surgeon Aarne Rintala.[13][14] It was only after treatment at a special hospital in Ludwigshafen, West Germany, in 1982, that Kim Phc was able to properly move again.[15] Ut continued to visit Kim Phc until she was evacuated to the United States during the fall of Saigon.[16]
Less publicized is the film,[19] shot by British television cameraman Alan Downes for the British Independent Television News (ITN) and his Vietnamese counterpart Le Phuc Dinh who was working for the American television network NBC, which shows the events just before and after the photograph was taken[20][21][22] In the top-left frame, a man stands and appears to take photographs as a passing airplane drops bombs. A group of children, Kim Phc among them, run away in fear. After a few seconds, she encounters the reporters dressed in military fatigues,[23] including Christopher Wain who gave her water (top-right frame) and poured some over her burns.[23] As she turns sideways, the severity of the burns on her arm and back can be seen (bottom-left frame). A crying woman, Kim Phc's grandmother, Tao, runs in the opposite direction holding her badly burned grandchild, 3-year-old Danh, Kim Phc's cousin, who died of his injuries (bottom-right frame). Sections of the film shot were included in Hearts and Minds (1974), the Academy Award-winning documentary about the Vietnam War directed by Peter Davis.[24]
Audio tapes of President Richard Nixon, in conversation with his chief of staff, H. R. Haldeman in 1972, reveal that Nixon mused, "I'm wondering if that was fixed", after seeing the photograph.[25] After the release of this tape, Ut commented, "Even though it has become one of the most memorable images of the twentieth century, President Nixon once doubted the authenticity of my photograph when he saw it in the papers on 12 June 1972... The picture for me and unquestionably for many others could not have been more real. The photo was as authentic as the Vietnam War itself. The horror of the Vietnam War recorded by me did not have to be fixed. That terrified little girl is still alive today and has become an eloquent testimony to the authenticity of that photo. That moment thirty years ago will be one Kim Phc and I will never forget. It has ultimately changed both our lives."[26]
Phc was removed from her university as a young adult studying medicine and used as a propaganda symbol by the communist government of Vietnam.[27] Due to constant pain, she considered suicide, but in 1982 she found a New Testament in a library that led her to become a Christian and towards forgiveness.[28] In 1986, she was granted permission to continue her studies in Cuba, where she studied Spanish and was trained as a pharmacist. It was in Havana that Phc met Ut for the first time in fourteen years, in 1989, and the two have been meeting and speaking over telephone regularly ever since.[16] Prime Minister of Vietnam Phm Vn ng became her friend and patron. After arriving in Cuba, she met Bui Huy Toan, another Vietnamese student and her future fianc. In 1992, Phc and Toan married.[4]
On the way to their honeymoon in Moscow, they left the plane during a refuelling stop in Gander, Newfoundland, and asked for political asylum in Canada, which was granted.[3] The couple now live in Ajax, Ontario and have two children.[4] In 1996, Phc met the surgeons who had saved her life. The following year, she became a Canadian citizen.[29]
Forgiveness made me free from hatred. I still have many scars on my body and severe pain most days but my heart is cleansed. Napalm is very powerful, but faith, forgiveness, and love are much more powerful. We would not have war at all if everyone could learn how to live with true love, hope, and forgiveness. If that little girl in the picture can do it, ask yourself: Can you?
In 1997, she established the first Kim Phc Foundation in the U.S., with the aim of providing medical and psychological assistance to child victims of war.[35] Later, other foundations were set up, with the same name, under an umbrella organization, Kim Phc Foundation International.[36]
On December 28, 2009, National Public Radio broadcast her spoken essay, "The Long Road to Forgiveness," for the This I Believe series.[38] In May 2010, Phc was reunited by the BBC with ITN correspondent Christopher Wain, who helped to save her life. On May 18, 2010, Phc appeared on the BBC Radio 4 programme It's My Story.[35] In the programme, Phc related how she was involved through her foundation in the efforts to secure medical treatment in Canada for Ali Abbas, who had lost both arms in a rocket attack on Baghdad during the invasion of Iraq in 2003.[23]
In a December 21, 2017, article for The Wall Street Journal, Kim Phc wrote that the trauma she suffered in the napalm strike still requires treatment, but that the psychological trauma was greater: "But even worse than the physical pain was the emotional and spiritual pain." This led directly to her conversion to Christianity, which she credits with healing the psychological trauma of living over forty years being known to the world as "Napalm Girl". "My faith in Jesus Christ is what has enabled me to forgive those who had wronged me," she wrote, "no matter how severe those wrongs were."[39]
In July 2022, Kim Phc in person welcomed 236 Ukrainian refugees with children aboard a special flight from Warsaw to Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The airplane used for the special flight bore an image of her iconic 1972 photo. The flight was arranged by an organization called Solidaire.[40]
On November 10, 1994, Kim Phc was named a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador.[40] In 1996, Kim Phc gave a speech at the United States Vietnam Veterans Memorial on Veterans Day. In her speech, she said that one cannot change the past, but everyone can work together for a peaceful future. John Plummer, a Vietnam veteran who said he took part in coordinating the air strike with the Republic of Vietnam Air Force, met with Phc briefly and was publicly forgiven. Plummer later admitted to The Baltimore Sun he had lied, saying he was "caught up in the emotion at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial on the day Phuc spoke".[41][42] Canadian filmmaker Shelley Saywell made a documentary about their meeting.[43]
In 2003, Belgian composer Eric Geurts wrote "The Girl in the Picture," dedicated to Kim Phc. It was released on Flying Snowman Records, with all profits going to the Kim Phc Foundation. It was released again in 2021 as part of Eric's album "Leave a Mark".[44] 152ee80cbc
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