Cirulli posted an explanatory article on the background and experience of creating a game that became as popular as 2048 did. He duly credits the two versions of the game he originally played and enjoyed enough to see if he could make his own version with better animations. He succeeded, posted the result to Github and was surprised to see it take off overnight. Unofficial ports started appearing in the Play Store, and several malware scams have already been reported. He was happy to leave his efforts on the web via Github, because it was ultimately based on other people's work.

2048 is a single-player sliding tile puzzle video game written by Italian web developer Gabriele Cirulli and published on GitHub.[2] The objective of the game is to slide numbered tiles on a grid to combine them to create a tile with the number 2048; however, one can continue to play the game after reaching the goal, creating tiles with larger numbers. It was originally written in JavaScript and CSS over a weekend, and released on 9 March 2014 as free and open-source software subject to the MIT License. Versions for iOS and Android followed in May 2014.


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2048 was intended to be an improved version of two other games, both of which were clones of the iOS game Threes released a month earlier. Cirulli himself described 2048 as being "conceptually similar" to Threes.[3] The release of 2048 resulted in the rapid appearance of many similar games, akin to the flood of Flappy Bird variations from 2013. The game received generally positive reviews from critics, with it being described as "viral" and "addictive".

2048 is played on a plain 44 grid, with numbered tiles that slide when a player moves them using the four arrow keys.[4] The game begins with two tiles already in the grid, having a value of either 2 or 4, and another such tile appears in a random empty space after each turn.[5] Tiles slide as far as possible in the chosen direction until they are stopped by either another tile or the edge of the grid. If two tiles of the same number collide while moving, they will merge into a tile with the total value of the two tiles that collided.[6][7] The resulting tile cannot merge with another tile again in the same move. Higher-scoring tiles emit a soft glow;[5] the largest possible tile is 131,072.[8]

The game is won when a tile with a value of 2048 appears on the board. Players can continue beyond that to reach higher scores.[10][11][12] When the player has no legal moves (there are no empty spaces and no adjacent tiles with the same value), the game ends.[3][13]

Nineteen-year-old Gabriele Cirulli created the game in a single weekend as a test to see if he could program a game from scratch.[16] "It was a way to pass the time", he said.[10] He described it as being "conceptually similar" to the recently released iOS game Threes,[3][17] and a clone of another game, 1024.[10] Developed by Veewo Studio,[18] 1024 is itself a clone of Threes, with its App Store description once reading "no need to pay for Threes".[19] Cirulli's README for 2048 cites another 1024 clone as influence: the homonymous but slightly different in terms of mechanics 2048 by Saming.[20]

The simple controls allowed it to be used in a promo video for the Myo gesture control armband,[24] and the availability of the code underneath allowed it to be used as a teaching aid for programming.[25] The second-place winner of a coding contest at Matlab Central Exchange was an AI system that would play 2048 on its own.[26] As the source code is available, many additions to the original game, including a score leaderboard, an undo feature, and improved touchscreen playability have been written by other people. All are available to the public.[4][25]

The game has been described by The Wall Street Journal as "almost like Candy Crush for math geeks",[6] and Business Insider called it "Threes on steroids".[1] Caitlin Dewey of The Washington Post called it "a nerdy, minimalist, frustrating game",[11] while The Independent called it "addictive".[19] The phenomenon of 2048 has been compared to that of Flappy Bird by several commentators. Both games' success, and their simplicity, led to the rapid creation of many variants, and both games have been described as "viral" and "very addictive".[5]

James Vincent of The Independent labeled 2048 as "a clone of a clone".[19] In April 2014, Pocket Gamer reported that 15 new clones of Threes were released daily in the App Store.[33]When asked if he was concerned that his situation would end up as stressed as that of Nguyn H ng, the creator of Flappy Bird, Cirulli said that he had "already gone through that phase" on a smaller scale, and that once he had decided against monetizing 2048, he "stopped feeling awkward."[3]

In response to rampant cloning, the creators of Threes published a log of how the game evolved over its 14-month development cycle. They said they had tried and dismissed 2048's tile merging variant, because it made the game too easy.[34] In a 2014 Wired article, they claimed to have each beaten 2048 on their first play.[34]

The mathematical nature of 2048 has made the game of interest to AI researchers. As of 2022, AI achieved[35] over 95% (likely over 98%, but the measurement has noise) probability of making a 16384 tile, over 75% (likely over 80%) probability of making a 32768, and over 3% probability of making a 65536 (improving over the results in [36] and [37]). Due to randomness and lack of spare room, the optimal probability of making a 65536 tile is expected to be low; this is supported by optimal solutions for constrained boards.[35][38]

2048 AI strategy uses expectimax search up to a certain (variable) depth, plus transposition tables to avoid duplication. Analogously to endgame tablebases, tables are used to estimate success (for building a large enough tile without destroying the configuration) in appropriate positions with many large tiles. A position evaluation function can favor empty squares, having a large number of merge possibilities, placement of larger tiles at the edge, and monotonicity for tile sizes, especially for larger tiles.[39][40] The parameters are optimized by a search for better parameter values; some papers[36][37] used temporal difference reinforcement learning.

Age of 2048 is a puzzle game in which your goal is to build the most prosperous city possible. In order to do so, you basically need to combine elements on the board just like you have to do in the classic puzzle game, 2048.

When you start to play Age of 2048 you only have the stone age available. That said, once you obtain the equivalent to a 512 tile (a wonder of ancient history), you get to unlock a new era. You can uncover six different eras in total, each one with its own kind of buildings.

A particularly interesting feature of Age of 2048 is that it lets you make use of certain powers when you find yourself in a critical situation. There is a power you can use to undo an incorrect movement. You also receive a power for building a city quickly.

I have an external media storage drive where I (believe that I) have formatted the partitions as 2048 kb (or 2,048 kb for any Googlers searching) cluster sizes and there are a couple of smaller clustered partitions on the same USB drive. This might be termed as 2049 kb or 2,049 kb ( or 2M / 2 M / 2MB / 2 MB ) in some places, but 2048 is the number that Windows provides when you format.

I have (I believe exhaustively) searched for answers on this (at 2048 and 2049), but as you can appreciate, I get a lot of unrelated stuff. I'm aware of how to Google well (quotes, brackets, intitles, etc), and have searched this network, too, and have not found a solution. This is a bit of a pain, is all, as it means that my drive can essentially only be used on my Windows computers, and then (I think) only a couple of them.

I believe you should stick with a max size of 64 kilobytes for the best interoperability. Windows 10 expanded the maximum cluster size from 64 to 2048 kilobytes (2097152 bytes per cluster) in the Spring of 2018.

2048 Number puzzle game is a version of the awesome puzzle game developed in HTML5 by Gabriele Cirulli, but for Android. Players have to move squares in groups of four from one side of a grid to another, with the goal of scoring the most points possible.

With these 'simple' rules, players have to try and score as many points as possible, with squares that can increase in value up to 2048 points, which is where the game gets its name. But getting that far won't be easy. ff782bc1db

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