King Promise is a new musician who is hitting the Ghanaian airwaves with scintillating music that do not only excite the ears but also set the mind thinking while leaving the body with a feel for dancing. If your music library has been feeling drab lately, maybe it is time you considered adding a King Promise track to spice things up.

He might be the new-kid-on-the-block, but King Promise has a very captivating voice that sets him apart from other musicians out there. Anytime he gets a hold of the microphone, he delivers and leaves his audience very satisfied, maybe that might be why he is working with respected Ghanaian producer; Killbeatz.


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5 Star would open more doors for King promise, introducing him to a new audience. With collaborations with the likes of WSTRN (UK), Frenna (Amsterdam), Chance The Rapper and Vic Mensa (USA), Omah Lay and Patoranking (Nigeria), and Bisa Kdei (Ghana), this project was created to appeal to a wide demography.

King Promise is a new musician who is hitting the Ghanaian airwaves with scintillating music that not only excites the ears, but also gets the mind thinking while leaving the body with a feel for dancing. If your music library has been feeling drab lately, maybe it is time you considered adding a King Promise track to spice things up.

He might be the new kid on the block, but King Promise has a very captivating voice that sets him apart from other musicians out there. Any time he gets a hold of the microphone, he delivers and leaves his audience very satisfied. Maybe that is why he is working with respected Ghanaian producer Killbeatz.

Ghpage.com yesterday published a report we gathered that angry Fuse ODG had thrown Killbeatz out of his house after breaking several house rules and discovering a strange blood pot.

Currently, surgeons remove the deteriorated disc and fuse the affected vertebrae together. The operation usually eliminates the pain and stabilizes the spine, but limits mobility and adds stress to adjacent discs, which eventually can lead to more surgery.

Traditionally, American bioethics has served as a safety net for the rich and powerful, for they are not forced to act as research subjects to obtain access to general health care for themselves or their children. However, American bioethics has failed to protect the vulnerable, i.e. indigent minorities. The vulnerable are not treated the same as the rich. They do not have access to health care. They are exploited in clinical trials that promise monetary gain or access to health care and their autonomy rights are often ignored. Some of the vulnerable most affected by these disparities are African-Americans. African-Americans have less access to care, less physician visits and hospitalization, than whites even though the evidence shows that serious illness is much more common among blacks than whites. Furthermore, African-Americans continue to be targeted to participate in dangerous clinical trials, with limited direct benefits, with the promise of monetary gain or access to health care. Finally, the autonomy rights of Africans-Americans to consent to all means of treatment or tests are often ignored. Instead of serving as a means to promote justice and end these racial disparities in accessing health care or participation in dangerous research studies, American bioethics has tended to focus its attention on ethical issues associated with scientific and medical advances without recognizing that these developments occur in a social context that must be taken into account if the ethical issues are to be adequately addressed. American bioethics fails to take into consideration the social and economic conditions, such as poverty and de facto discrimination through disparate impact that influence research subjects' decisions to participate in dangerous research studies, with diminutive direct benefit, to obtain access to health care and monetary support. The continuation of these racial disparities in access to care and exploitation of minority populations for dangerous clinical trials after the creation of American bioethics can no longer be ignored. American bioethics is replete with instances of de facto discrimination through disparate impact that pervert the physician-patient and research-subject relationships, such as the necessary informed consent for participation in clinical trials or drug testing. Without reflecting and rectifying the de facto discrimination through disparate impact that continues to allow the vulnerable to be exploited for the benefit of society under American bioethics principles, the same exploitation will continue with the inclusion of human rights. Now physicians, researchers, and government agencies that have ignored or misused the principles of bioethics, will only need to ignore or manipulate another set of rules in order to obtain the outcomes they desire: limit access to health care and the exploitation of the vulnerable for the benefit of science. In fact, the inclusion of human rights will serve to legitimize their violations both in America and abroad. The addition of health law does not solve this problem because courts rarely acknowledge or punish perpetrators for their de facto discrimination through disparate impact. Courts reviewing issues concerning health law do not acknowledge or address the presence of de facto discrimination in their decisions even when it is clear that race was significant factor. Moreover, the enforcement of Title VI, which prohibits racial discrimination in health care, is illusionary at best. To date, the federal government has never filed a federal case under Title VI to protect minorities from racial discrimination in health care. Therefore, African-Americans' bear the burden of filing cases, which have included claims concerning the lack of access to health care. Usually these cases are based on a theory of discrimination as a result of disparate impact of neural policies. Recently, the Supreme Court barred private parties from bringing Title VI case based on a theory of discrimination through disparate impact. Thus, the inclusion of law, or more specifically health law, does not afford African-Americans much protection against the effects of discrimination. To end the exploitation of the vulnerable through the intersection of American bioethics, human rights, and health law, American bioethicists must admit that race matters, as the underlying cause for inequalities in health care present in governmental access to health care, research studies, and one-on-one doctor-patient relationships. American bioethicists must end the exploitation of the vulnerable through the eradication of de facto discrimination. The government must impose and enforce meaningful sanctions to address the lack of access to care, to prevent continued exploitation, and to prohibit the violation of the autonomy rights of the vulnerable based on discrimination. Moreover, bioethicists must defame any government, researcher, or physician that fail to comply with these standards. This book review will focus on the means by which to end the exploitation of the vulnerable.

Although therapeutic cancer vaccines have been mostly disappointing in theclinic, the advent of novel immunotherapies and the future promise ofneoantigen-based therapies have created the need for new vaccine modalitiesthat can easily adapt to current and future developments in cancerimmunotherapy. One such novel platform is a DNA vaccine fusing the chemokineMacrophage Inflammatory Protein-3[alpha] (MIP-3[alpha]) to an antigen, heremelanoma antigen gp100. Previous published work has indicated thatMIP-3[alpha] targets nascent peptides to immature dendritic cells, leading toprocessing by class I and II MHC pathways. This platform has shown enhancedefficacy in prophylactic melanoma and therapeutic lymphoma model systems.

Additionally, investigators have been taking advantage of the inherentflexibility of DNA to add immunomodulators to the vaccine construct in orderto enhance the efficiency of initiating a specific immune response. Manystudies have focused on increasing productive contact of nascent vaccineantigens to antigen presenting cells (APCs), especially dendritic cells(DCs). One approach is to fuse antigens to cytokines such as GM-CSF that canstimulate the development, proliferation, and maturation of DCs and monocytes[25-27] or to chemokines like CCL5 [28], CCL19 [29], MIP3[alpha] (also knownas CCL20) [30-35], or other molecules [36-40] that can recruit and/or targetnascent peptides to APCs. MIP3[alpha] fusion vaccines have been shown todirect antigen to immature DCs via CCR6 and mediate antigen uptake in afusion dependent manner [39], after which, antigens are cross presented byboth MHC class I and II, activating significant responses from both CD4+ andCD8+ T cells [31-33].

Our data demonstrate that the addition of the chemokine MIP3[alpha] to thegp100 DNA vaccine construct enhanced vaccine immunogenicity and therapeuticpotential. Although the antigen-only vaccine elicited a significantanti-gp100 immune response compared to the mock vaccine, when utilized as atherapy, only the MIP3[alpha]-gp100 vaccine slowed tumor growth and enhancedmouse survival. Further, MIP3[alpha] fused to irrelevant antigen CSP showedno anti-tumor activity, despite the previously demonstrated ability of theCSP construct to function as a highly efficacious vaccine for preventingmalaria in a mouse model system [30]. Previous studies have conclusivelyshown that MIP3[alpha] must be fused to its antigen in order to enhanceimmunogenicity [39].

Vaccine efficacy depends on identification of appropriate target antigens,deliverance of those antigens in a form that elicits a relevant immuneresponse, administration of vaccine by a route that brings it into contactwith the critical immune cells, and selection of effectiveadjuvants/immunomodulators. For DNA vaccines, addition of MIP3[alpha] tocircumsporozoite protein (CSP) with vaxfectin adjuvant [30] creates a robust,protective antibody response against malaria, addition of MIP3[alpha] tooncofetal antigen (OFA) given by gene gun creates a therapeutic responseagainst lymphoma mediated by CD8+ T-cells [31], and as reported here,addition of MIP3[alpha] to gp100 given by intramuscular electroporationcreates a therapeutic response against melanoma mediated by both CD4+ andCD8+ effector T-cells. All of these experiments have shown responses to besignificantly enhanced by the chemokine in different contexts.Co-administration of MIP3[alpha] can enhance vaccine responses by enhanced DCrecruitment [45]. However, our previous studies have indicated that in thecontext of a DNA fusion vaccine, MIP3[alpha] is acting by directing nascentexpressed protein antigens to DCs, not by recruiting DCs in vivo [30].Therefore, we hypothesize that in this context, the pro-inflammatory responseelicited by electroporation serves as the adjuvant that recruits DCs to thevaccine site [19-21]. The MIP3[alpha] fused to gp100 then increases theefficiency of nascent vaccine protein uptake into infiltrating immaturedendritic cells, resulting in enhanced downstream effector responses. Thisresearch provides further evidence for the utility of adding chemokineimmunomodulators to vaccine constructs within any immunological context. 006ab0faaa

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