Download Free Mahjong

The game of mahjong dates all the way back to the Qing dynasty, where its popularity spread throughout East and Southeast Asia, with a number of distinct rulesets emerging in different regions, such as Hong Kong and Taiwan. The game is played, usually with four players seated around a table, with 144 tiles that are etched with unique symbols and designs that players draw and discard to create sets. The first player to match a hand of 14 tiles wins the game!

The game is most fun with a full table of 4 players. However, you can play the game slightly adapted with 3 players (no Charleston), or you can play Siamese mahjong with 2 players (winner has to declare a double mahjong to win)!

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Mahjong was invented over 200 years ago in China's Qing Dynasty and was played with 114 mahjong tiles and four players. As mahjong was adapted by different cultures in the 1900s, new variants of the classic game started to emerge.

I'll explain a bit on the actual rules (simplified) and then my idea how to tackle this task. In mahjong, there are 4 colors, 3 normal ones like in card games (ace, heart, ...) that are called "man", "pin" and "sou". These colors run from 1 to 9 each and can be used to form straights as well as groups of the same kind. The forth color is called "honors" and can be used for groups of the same kind only, but not for straights. The seven honors will be called "E, S, W, N, R, G, B".

Let's look at an example of a tenpai hand: 2p, 3p, 3p, 3p, 3p, 4p, 5m, 5m, 5m, W, W, W, E. Next we pick an E. This is a complete mahjong hand (ready) and consists of a 2-4 pin street (remember, pins can be used for straights), a 3 pin triple, a 5 man triple, a W triple and an E pair.

Drosophila stocks were maintained by standard methods at 25C. mahj1 was recombined to the FRT42D chromosome. To generate a UAS-mahj transgenic fly, a full-length cDNA clone of mahj (obtained from Drosophila Genomics Resource Center, IN) was amplified by PCR, sequenced, and subcloned into pUASP for Drosophila transgene [38]. Transgenic lines of pUASP:mahj were generated by standard methods. mahj and lgl mosaic mutant clones were generated by the FLP-FRT-mediated mitotic recombination system [24] in the following genotypes: hsFLP; FRT42D mahj1/FRT42D ubi-EGFP or hsFLP; lgl4 FRT40A/hGFP FRT40A. To block apoptosis in mahj and lgl MARCM clones, we used the following genotypes: UAS-CD8-GFP, hsFLP; FRT42D mahj1/FRT42D ubi-Gal80; tubP-Gal4/UAS-p35 or hsFLP; lgl4 FRT40A/tubP-Gal80 FRT40A; tubP-Gal4, UAS-GFP/UAS-p35. To block JNK activation in mahj and lgl MARCM clones, we used the following genotypes: UAS-CD8-GFP, hsFLP; FRT42D mahj1/FRT42D ubi-Gal80; tubP-Gal4/UAS-puc or hsFLP; lgl4 FRT40A/tubP-Gal80 FRT40A; tubP-Gal4, UAS-GFP/UAS-puc. To express Lgl in mahj MARCM clones, we used the following genotypes: UAS-CD8-GFP, hsFLP; FRT42D mahj1/FRT42D ubi-Gal80; tubP-Gal4/UAS-lgl. To express Mahjong in lgl MARCM clones, we used the following genotypes: hsFLP; lgl4 FRT40A/tubP-Gal80 FRT40A; tubP-Gal4, UAS-GFP/UAS-mahjong. To express Mahjong in mahj MARCM clones, we used the following genotypes: UAS-CD8-GFP, hsFLP; FRT42D mahj1/FRT42D ubi-Gal80; tubP-Gal4/UAS-mahj. To express Lgl in lgl MARCM clones, we used the following genotypes: hsFLP; lgl4 FRT40A/tubP-Gal80 FRT40A; tubP-Gal4, UAS-GFP/UAS-lgl. For the Minute technique in wing discs, mosaic clones were generated in the following genotype: hsFLP; FRT42D mahj1/FRT42D arm-lacZ M(2)92 and hsFLP; lgl4 FRT40A/M(2)25A ubi-GFP FRT40A. To express dMyc in lgl MARCM clones, we used the following genotypes: hsFLP; lgl4 FRT40A/tubP-Gal80 FRT40A; tubP-Gal4, UAS-GFP/UAS-dMyc. To express Mahjong in scrib MARCM clones, we used the following genotypes: hsFLP; act-Gal4, UAS-GFP/UAS-mahjong; FRT82B scrib1/FRT82B tubP-Gal80. UAS-mahj overexpression clones were generated by the Flip-out Gal4 system in the following genotypes: hsFLP; UAS-mahjong/act>CD2>Gal4, UAS-GFP. UAS-GFP overexpression clones were generated by the Flip-out Gal4 system in the following genotypes: hsFLP; act>CD2>Gal4, UAS-GFP.

All fly crosses were carried out at 25C according to standard procedures. Mutant clones were generated by mitotic recombination with the FLP/FRT system by X-chromosome heat-shock-inducible flipase (hsFLP) [24]. Clones were marked with ubi-EGFP, histone-GFP (hGFP), or arm-lacZ. To obtain mosaic mutant clones in wing discs, we heat shocked first- or second-instar larvae for 1 h at 37C. For generation of Flip-out Gal4 overexpression clones of UAS-mahjong or UAS-GFP in wing discs, second-instar larvae were heat-shocked for 15 min at 37C. The size of each clone expressing UAS-mahjong or UAS-GFP in wing discs was measured with the pixel measurement function of ImageJ.

Few parlor games have left a larger global imprint than mahjong, which is at once a mainstay at immigrant family gatherings, a safe haven for outcast communities, and a source of political consternation. During the mid-20th century, it became so associated with capitalist corruption that China banned it for more than 40 years.

The rhythms of mahjong are especially conducive to building community, Heinz says. Whereas the shuffling of cards in between poker games takes mere seconds, mahjong players must sit through extended pauses to reset tiles after every round. The interval of respite encourages conversation.

More recently, the record-shattering 2018 romantic comedy Crazy Rich Asians, which features a pivotal mahjong scene, brought the game back into popular culture, fueling interest among Asian American millennials and Gen Zers.

"American mahjong is a form of mahjong standardized by the National Mah Jongg League[12] and the American Mah-Jongg Association.[13] It uses joker tiles, the Charleston, plus melds of five or more tiles, treats bonus tiles as honors, and eschews the chow and the notion of a standard hand. Legal hands are changed annually. Purists claim that this makes American mahjong a separate game. In addition, the NMJL and AMJA variations, which have minor scoring differences, are commonly referred to as mahjongg or mah-jongg (with 2 Gs, often hyphenated)"

During the initial stages of carcinogenesis, transformation events occur in a single cell within an epithelial monolayer. However, it remains unknown what happens at the interface between normal and transformed epithelial cells during this process. In Drosophila, it has been recently shown that normal and transformed cells compete with each other for survival in an epithelial tissue; however the molecular mechanisms whereby "loser cells" undergo apoptosis are not clearly understood. Lgl (lethal giant larvae) is a tumor suppressor protein and plays a crucial role in oncogenesis in flies and mammals. Here we have examined the involvement of Lgl in cell competition and shown that a novel Lgl-binding protein is involved in Lgl-mediated cell competition. Using biochemical immunoprecipitation methods, we first identified Mahjong as a novel binding partner of Lgl in both flies and mammals. In Drosophila, Mahjong is an essential gene, but zygotic mahjong mutants (mahj(-/-)) do not have obvious patterning defects during embryonic or larval development. However, mahj(-/-) cells undergo apoptosis when surrounded by wild-type cells in the wing disc epithelium. Importantly, comparable phenomena also occur in Mahjong-knockdown mammalian cells; Mahjong-knockdown Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells undergo apoptosis, only when surrounded by non-transformed cells. Similarly, apoptosis of lgl(-/-) cells is induced when they are surrounded by wild-type cells in Drosophila wing discs. Phosphorylation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is increased in mahj(-/-) or lgl(-/-) mutant cells, and expression of Puckered (Puc), an inhibitor of the JNK pathway, suppresses apoptosis of these mutant cells surrounded by wild-type cells, suggesting that the JNK pathway is involved in mahj- or lgl-mediated cell competition. Finally, we have shown that overexpression of Mahj in lgl(-/-) cells strongly suppresses JNK activation and blocks apoptosis of lgl(-/-) cells in the wild-type wing disc epithelium. These data indicate that Mahjong interacts with Lgl biochemically and genetically and that Mahjong and Lgl function in the same pathway to regulate cellular competitiveness. As far as we are aware, this is the first report that cell competition can occur in a mammalian cell culture system.

There is a common perception among certain circles that those that primarily (or exclusively) play mahjong on web clients such as Tenhou, Mahjong Soul, or Sega MJ, whether by choice or lack thereof, are somehow of a lesser breed than those who are fortunate enough to be able to play mahjong with real tiles. There are a number of reasons behind this belief, and some of them are even valid to a degree, but ultimately such elitism is completely unwarranted. Here's why - and strap yourself in, this is going to be a long ride.

Traditional mahjong tiles are bone-white and elegant. They feature images of Chinese characters and symbols. Think flowers, coins, bamboo. When a Texas company founded by three white women released sets of its luxury mahjong tiles, it ended up getting called out for cultural appropriation and apologizing. CNN contributor Jeff Yang is someone who's followed this story and added his own criticism of The Mahjong Line company, and he joins us now.

YANG: So mahjong is a game played by virtually the entirety of the Chinese diaspora and many people beyond it. It is essentially like the card game of rummy where you're trying to assemble sets of three or four matching or sequence tiles. It serves as sort of like this traditional cultural reference point for Chinese people around family gatherings and especially the Lunar New Year, which is going to be coming up for us in a couple months. ff782bc1db