Lake Placid is a 1999 American comedy horror film[4] written by David E. Kelley and directed by Steve Miner. It is the first installment in the Lake Placid film series and stars Bill Pullman, Bridget Fonda, Brendan Gleeson, Oliver Platt, Betty White, Meredith Salenger, and Mariska Hargitay. In the film, a giant crocodile terrorizes the fictional location of Black Lake, Maine, while a dysfunctional group of police and scientists attempt to capture or kill the beast.

Lake Placid was produced by Fox 2000 Pictures and Stan Winston Studios (which did the special effects for the creatures) and principal photography was shot in British Columbia, Canada. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox and released in theatres in the United States on July 16, 1999,[2] and in the United Kingdom on March 31, 2000.[5] It grossed $56.9 million worldwide and was followed by five low-budget made-for-television sequels, starting with Lake Placid 2 in 2007.


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In Aroostook County, Maine, Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife officer Walt Lawson is scuba diving with Sheriff Hank Keough in Black Lake when he is suddenly bitten in half by an unknown creature.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service officer Jack Wells, American Museum of Natural History paleontologist Kelly Scott, and Hank investigate the incident. They are joined by Hector Cyr, a wealthy mythology professor and crocodile enthusiast, who suspects the culprit is a crocodile much to the disbelief of the group. After Kelly and Hank's canoe is flipped over, they discover a severed human toe and a moose head. Hank's deputy, Burke, has his head bitten off; confirming Hector's suspicions but Hank remains skeptical. That evening, the group makes camp and prepares a plan to capture the creature.

The following day, as Hank and Hector argue, a large grizzly bear attacks them, but a gigantic 32 ft (9.8 m) long saltwater crocodile emerges from the lake and drags the bear into the water. The group discovers that local resident Delores Bickerman, an elderly widow living near the lake, is feeding the crocodile after they observe her leading a blindfolded dairy cow to the water. She reveals that she has been feeding it for years after the crocodile ate her husband.

Hector and Deputy Sharon Gare take his into helicopter onto the lake and unexpectedly land in the crocodile's territory. While he is scuba diving, Hector is confronted by the crocodile, but he and Gare escape after distracting it with an inflatable raft. Hank and Jack call in the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission for help with killing the crocodile, but Hector suggests that he should lure it out of the water and tranquilize it instead. Jack reluctantly accepts the proposal and they use one of Bickerman's cattle, dangled from the helicopter, as bait.

After a few hours, the crocodile appears. Hector pulls up as the crocodile lunges, and Jack fires a tranquilizer dart into its neck. Hector loses control of the helicopter and crashes into the lake. The crocodile comes on land and pursues the group. Kelly is knocked into the lake by the crocodile's tail. As Kelly enters the downed helicopter, the crocodile attacks but becomes trapped. As the tranquilizer kicks in and the crocodile appears to be pacified, Jack, Hector, and Hank argue about whether or not to kill it. Jack eventually grabs Hank's gun and shoots it, but the firearm turns out to be another tranquilizer. As Hector comes out of the water, another crocodile attacks and bites him, but Hank blows it up with a grenade launcher. Soon after, Florida wildlife officers arrive, they load the neutralized crocodile onto a truck and take it to Portland, Maine as they determine what to do next.

One week later, Bickerman feeds bread crumbs to many baby crocodiles, revealing the two adults were actually a mating pair. The surviving adult crocodile is seen tied to the back of a flatbed trailer travelling down the highway.

Some of the film's scenes were shot in Vancouver and Surrey, British Columbia. Three different lakes in British Columbia stood in for the fictional "Black Lake": Shawnigan Lake, Buntzen Lake and Hayward Lake.[7]

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 47% based on 95 reviews, with an average rating of 5.10/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "Betty White's delightful supporting turn may be worth the price of admission alone, but Lake Placid is swamped by a smarmy script and inability to deliver on the creature feature mayhem".[9] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 34 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[10] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C" on an A+ to F scale.[11]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film one out of four stars, describing it as "completely wrong-headed from beginning to end". He put it on his list of the 10 Worst Films of the Year.[12] Andrew Collins of Empire gave the film four out of five stars, writing that "you can enjoy Placid as a straightforward camping-holiday nightmare, or as a sly, ironic take on the same. It works deliciously as both".[13]

Just listened to this weeks twiv, and the q dot dyes you mentioned are also used in electronics. There they are used as a ultra precise phosphor. In that application blue light from LEDs can be re-emitted as red, and green. This gives an ultra precise RGB light source, allowing highly accurate colour rendition on LED backlit TVs.

This week, one of the founding editors of the Journal of Virology, Lloyd Kozloff, passed away. His daughter, a professor of Film here at Vassar College, notified me of his death. Although his name may not be familiar to many, he began his career at a very exciting time as a member of a group of phage biologists associated with Cold Spring Harbor, that included many more familiar names like James Watson and Max Delbruk. I can only imagine how thrilling it must have been for a young biologist to work at such an important time in the history of virology and molecular biology.

I wrote a brief blog post, with links to some of his early papers. Since you have discussed some historical papers on TWiV recently, I thought some listeners might be interested in seeing these as well. JVI will be publishing a more extensive obituary.

About two years ago I was asked to help on a project with another lab. I was struggling to get my own research off the ground, so I had some time. I showed the post-doc how to do plaque assays, but it was obvious he was more inclined to let me do them. So we completed three experiments before my own research had to take priority over helping him. When things had calmed down I contacted to post doc about resuming the studies, but he never contacted me again. At the last experiment I got the impression that they had a new hypothesis about the experiment, and were eager to test it.

A few months ago I see that they have published a paper on that work. Now, no ethics were breeched. They never mention my work (although, to be fair my work likely gave rise to the studies actually shown in the paper), so there is no ethical issue. Just a matter of pride, time, and supplies that were used during their initial studies.

I wonder if you are aware of the most recent study of MS and EBV. Whereas EBV has been a trigger suspect for MS since the 1980s, this new study shows that even if the virus is not actively replicating in the brain cells of MS patients, it is releasing chemicals that cause an immune system response.

I have a cousin with MS. I remember years ago finding out that MS is more common in subtropics compared to other areas. Some studies show it is important where you lived in your childhood and teenage years, as to whether you are at risk, no matter where you lived your adult years.

This and other studies prompted the theory that MS is caused by or triggered by a virus. A study in 2006 showed MS patients have an immune system overreaction to EBV. A 2009 study showed, after accessing 7 million blood samples, that those who had no infection of EBV did not get MS.

It is well established that many, not all, ME/CFS patients develop the disease after a case of mono, such that a study is onging, following people with mononucleosis to see who develops ME/CFS and possibly why.

EBV hides in B cells, which is why the drug Rituximab is sometimes used off-label in MS treatments. And, in October, a phase II double blind study in Norway found Rituximab, which kills B cells, brings moderate improvement to 2/3rds of ME/CFS patients. A few have seemingly been cured. Those physicians theorize that ME/CFS is autoimmune in the brain. Some others have theorized that killing B cells may reduce ME/CFS symptoms because EBV hides there and could possibly be causing a malfunction in the B cells, causing it to make autoantibodies. Kill the B cells and you kill EBV.

I would love to hear your thoughts on all of this. Ronald Glaser, PhD, has done studies on CFS, and the effect stress has on EBV. Might this be the thing that brings together those who see ME/CFS is triggered by stress and those who think it is triggered or caused by a virus?

As I was listening to the discussion of affinity maturation, I kept trying to think of how this process interacts with existing memory B cells, and in particular, how it interacts with original antigenic sin.

What happens when you already have a good population of memory B cells to an antigen. Do you get new germinal centers forming and the affinity maturation process going on again? And if so, does it start with the B cells that have already been through that process, or does it start with new, immature B cells that responded to the soluble antigen? Does that depend on how much new antigen is available (if you have an effective antibody response, does that keep this process from restarting?) 152ee80cbc

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