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A Dangerous Method is a 2011 historical drama film directed by David Cronenberg. The film stars Keira Knightley, Viggo Mortensen, Michael Fassbender, Sarah Gadon, and Vincent Cassel. Its screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure, which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr, A Most Dangerous Method: The Story of Jung, Freud, and Sabina Spielrein.

A co-production between British, Canadian and German production companies, the film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen (after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises). This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas, after they collaborated on the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash. Filming took place between May and July 2010 in Cologne on a soundstage, with exterior shots filmed in Vienna.

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The film's footnote reveals the eventual fates of the four analysts. Gross starved to death in Berlin in 1920. Freud died of cancer in London in 1939 after being driven out of Vienna by the Nazis. Spielrein trained a number of analysts in the Soviet Union, before she and her two daughters were shot by the Nazis in 1942. Jung emerged from a nervous breakdown to become the world's leading psychologist before dying in 1961.[6]

Hampton's earliest version of the screenplay, dating back to the 1990s, was written for Julia Roberts in the role of Sabina Spielrein, but the film was never realized. Hampton re-wrote the screenplay for the stage, before producer Jeremy Thomas acquired the rights for both the earlier script and the stage version.[7]

The film was produced by Britain's Recorded Picture Company, with Germany's Lago Film and Canada's Prospero Film acting as co-producers.[8] Additional funding was provided by Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg, MFG Baden-Wrttemberg, Filmstiftung NRW, the German Federal Film Board [de] and Film Fund, Ontario Media Development Corp and Millbrook Pictures.[9]

Filming began on 26 May and ended on 24 July 2010.[9] Exteriors were shot in Vienna and interiors were filmed on a soundstage in Cologne (MMC Studios Kln), Germany. Viennese locations included the Caf Sperl, Berggasse 19, and the Schloss Belvedere. Lake Constance (Bodensee) stood in for Lake Zurich.[12]

A noted feature of the film is the extensive use in the musical score of leitmotifs from Wagner's third Ring opera Siegfried, mostly in piano transcription. In fact the composer Howard Shore has said that the structure of the film is based on the structure of the Siegfried opera.[13]

Universal Pictures released the film in German-speaking territories, while Lionsgate took rights to the United Kingdom[14] and Sony Pictures Classics distributed the film in the United States.[15] The film debuted at the Venice Film Festival in Italy on 2 September 2011.

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 78% of 191 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The website's consensus reads: "A provocative historical fiction about the early days of psychoanalysis, A Dangerous Method is buoyed by terrific performances by Michael Fassbender, Keira Knightley, and Viggo Mortensen."[16] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 76 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[17]

Using a dialogue-heavy approach that's unusual for Cronenberg, his film is skilled at the way it weaves theory with the inner lives of its characters. We are learning, yet never feel we're being taught. Freud and Jung seem to be learning as well.

In these baffling days of quantum theory, it may actually be Jung, with his interest in the mystical and the supernatural, who is more modern. His thoughts about archetypes are persuasive enough, but what are we to think of his interest (not mentioned in the film) in the tarot deck? As a person who firmly disbelieves in woo-woo, I couldn't believe he would subscribe to such flim-flammery, but I dutifully obtained the "Jungian tarot deck," in which the ancient symbols of the tarot are seen as manifestations of our collective unconscious. In using the cards, I discovered that the juxtaposition of given cards within an arbitrary grid jostled me to think in useful ways. I didn't believe the cards were speaking to me, but I found them helpful in speaking to myself.

But I drift. "A Dangerous Method" opens in 1904 with the arrival at Jung's Zurich clinic of Sabina Spielrein, manic and desperate, struggling with two attendants who try to constrain her. Jung is apparently her last resort. Using Freud's theories and method, Jung has success in calming her, untwisting her and eventually liberating an intelligent inner mind. At that time, Jung knew Freud only through his writings, but not long after, he traveled to Vienna to meet the great man himself, and their conversations in the film are a model of clarity and sanity; the screenplay by Christopher Hampton is based on his play "The Talking Cure" and the book A Most Dangerous Method by John Kerr.

It would help to know something about psychoanalysis, or at least be curious to learn, before seeing this film. The movie's poster suggests a romantic triangle, which is true only in a theoretical sense. The poster design uses the popular "giant heads" format, with Knightley most prominent in front and center, and the smaller Mortensen and Fassbender flanking her. If Jung and Freud could have seen this poster, what uneasy dreams it might have inspired.

That is whats confusing me the most about this film, the deliberate lack of emotion. Even when Fassbender has tied Knightly to the bed and is whipping her with his belt he barely seems excited. He might be exercising for all the passion he seems to exhibit.

In a clash of dueling methodologies, A Dangerous Method depicts the struggle between the coolly intellectual and the messily instinctual. There's also some stuff in there about Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung.

Jung and Freud begin to pull apart, which A Dangerous Method treats partially as a symptom of the gap between Jews and Protestants at the time. Jung's growing interest in the sort of mystical stuff now called "New Age" is mentioned but not really explored. A note at the film's end explains what happened to the principal characters. Spielrein, who became a psychiatrist, might have lived a "normal" life, if not for the Nazis.

This movie isn't simply work-for-hire for Cronenberg; it treats issues that have long been prominent in his films. Still, the clinical style doesn't play to the director's strengths. A Dangerous Method didn't have to be another Naked Lunch, but Freud plus Jung plus Cronenburg should have equaled something a little more dissonant and troubling.

Since the 1977 discovery of the first box of her letters and papers, which revealed Spielrein's close personal relationship with Jung, her former doctor, and her professional relationship with Freud, Spielrein has been the subject of fascination in many quarters. Spielrein -- and her interactions with both Jung and Freud -- have been the subject of at least three books in English, an entire issue of the Journal of Analytical Psychology, two plays (including Chris Hampton's "The Talking Cure"), and two films. The second, "A Dangerous Method," premiered last night in New York and L.A.

In many ways, the movie, based on Chris Hampton's play, is a flattering portrait. Knightly's Spielrein is a fiercely intelligent, often headstrong woman -- they type of personality her diaries show her to have been. And though the climax the film is clearly moving toward is the allegedly sexual affair between Jung and his patient, Spielrein appears throughout as the intellectual equal of both Jung and Freud, though she is only a student when she meets them. Once Jung deems her cured, we see her living alone in Zurich, which as the daughter of well-to-do parents living thousands of miles away, she was in a unique position to do. We also see her calmly proposition Jung, a married man -- not standard behavior for a well-educated and cultured unmarried woman in her time, especially given the man was her doctor and dissertation adviser. And we see her propose her theory of the death instinct -- which Freud later footnoted in his book on the topic, "Beyond the Pleasure Principle." The film acknowledges the idea as hers.

But "A Dangerous Method" also glosses over a few important issues. First of all, psychoanalysis was developed by Freud, the man who called female sexuality a "dark continent" and asserted that the entire female sexual experience arose from a sense of inadequacy around not being male. He so misunderstood women that he wrote in his essay "On Narcissim," "To be loved is a stronger motive for them than to love." He also developed many of the theories that brought him such renown through his work with female patients who were never recognized for their contributions. The film provides almost no sense that there was anything problematic about his methods or theories with regard to women -- which is a major omission in a movie about a female analysand and colleague whose ideas he and Jung arguably borrowed or suppressed, depending on which book you read.

Then there is the film's portrayal of the torrid sexual relationship between Spielrein and Jung, including a fair amount of S & M performed at Spielrein's request. This is great for drama, but there's no proof that any of it actually happened -- no explicit diary entry, no DNA evidence and most definitely no sex tape. Jungian psychoanalyst Coline Covington, who published "Sabina Spielrein: Forgotten Pioneer of Psychoanalysis," a collection and commentary on Spielrein's hospital records from the time she was in Jung's care, doesn't think their love affair was sexual. "Jung was too anxious about his career and marriage to rock the boat," she told The Huffington Post. "Emma Jung came from a very good family with a lot of money. I think he would have worried about getting [Spielrein] pregnant." But whether Jung and Spielrein were lovers or not, thanks to Cronenberg's film, Spielrein will now be known as Jung's first mistress, more than she will ever be known for her contributions to child psychology. e24fc04721