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In 1806, Webster published his first dictionary, A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. In 1807 Webster started two decades of intensive work to expand his publication into a fully comprehensive dictionary, An American Dictionary of the English Language. To help him trace the etymology of words, Webster learned 26 languages. Webster hoped to standardize American speech, since Americans in different parts of the country used somewhat different vocabularies and spelled, pronounced, and used words differently.

Webster completed his dictionary during his year abroad in 1825 in Paris, and at the University of Cambridge. His 1820s book contained 70,000 words, of which about 12,000 had never appeared in a dictionary before. As a spelling reformer, Webster believed that English spelling rules were unnecessarily complex, so his dictionary introduced American English spellings, replacing colour with color, waggon with wagon, and centre with center. He also added American words, including skunk and squash, that did not appear in British dictionaries. At the age of 70 in 1828, Webster published his dictionary; it sold poorly, with only 2,500 copies, and put him in debt. However, in 1840, he published the second edition in two volumes with much greater success.

In 1843, after Webster's death, George Merriam and Charles Merriam secured publishing and revision rights to the 1840 edition of the dictionary. They published a revision in 1847, which did not change any of the main text but merely added new sections, and a second update with illustrations in 1859. In 1864, Merriam published a greatly expanded edition, which was the first version to change Webster's text, largely overhauling his work yet retaining many of his definitions and the title "An American Dictionary". This began a series of revisions that were described as being "unabridged" in content. In 1884 it contained 118,000 words, "3000 more than any other English dictionary".[4]

With the edition of 1890, the dictionary was retitled Webster's International. The vocabulary was vastly expanded in Webster's New International editions of 1909 and 1934, totaling over half a million words, with the 1934 edition retrospectively called Webster's Second International or simply "The Second Edition" of the New International.

The Collegiate Dictionary was introduced in 1898 and the series is now in its eleventh edition. Following the publication of Webster's International in 1890, two Collegiate editions were issued as abridgments of each of their Unabridged editions. Merriam overhauled the dictionary again with the 1961 Webster's Third New International under the direction of Philip B. Gove, making changes that sparked public controversy. Many of these changes were in formatting, omitting needless punctuation, or avoiding complete sentences when a phrase was sufficient. Others, more controversial, signaled a shift from linguistic prescriptivism and towards describing American English as it was used at that time.[5]

With the ninth edition (Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (WNNCD), published in 1983), the Collegiate adopted changes which distinguish it as a separate entity rather than merely an abridgment of the Third New International (the main text of which has remained virtually unrevised since 1961). Some proper names were returned to the word list, including names of Knights of the Round Table. The most notable change was the inclusion of the date of the first known citation of each word, to document its entry into the English language. The eleventh edition (published in 2003) includes more than 225,000 definitions, and more than 165,000 entries. A CD-ROM of the text is sometimes included. This dictionary is preferred as a source "for general matters of spelling" by the influential The Chicago Manual of Style, which is followed by many book publishers and magazines in the United States. The Chicago Manual states that it "normally opts for" the first spelling listed.[6]

The dictionary maintains an active social media presence, where it frequently posts dictionary related content as well as its takes on politics. Its Twitter account has frequently used dictionary jargon to criticize and lampoon the Trump administration.[7][8] In one viral tweet, Merriam Webster subtly accused Kyle Rittenhouse of fake crying at his trial.[9]

Merriam-Webster has also published dictionaries of synonyms, English usage, geography (Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary), biography, proper names, medical terms, sports terms, slang, Spanish/English, and numerous others. Non-dictionary publications include Collegiate Thesaurus, Secretarial Handbook, Manual for Writers and Editors, Collegiate Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia of Literature, and Encyclopedia of World Religions.

(ii) any dictionary including the word "Webster's" in its title, or otherwise displaying the word "Webster's" on its jacket, binding cover or title page, which bears a jacket that does not comply with the following conditions:

(iii) any dictionary including the word "Webster's" and the word "College" in its title, or otherwise displaying the word "Webster's" and the word "College" on its jacket, binding cover or title page, which bears a jacket that does not comply with the following additional conditions:

Manufacturing or distributing any promotional materials, or placing any advertising, relating to any dictionary as described in p 1, supra, that does not conform, in text or in depiction of dictionaries, or otherwise, to the conditions set forth in p 1, supra

Manufacturing, distributing, selling, offering for sale, marketing, promoting, or advertising any dictionary as described in p 1, supra, the binding cover or title page of which does not conform to the conditions set forth in p 1, supra, of this Judgment, provided, however, that this p 3 of this Judgment shall not apply to title pages printed, or binding covers manufactured, prior to November 9, 1991

If you like to turn a lewk, regularly pwn your friends in "Fortnite" or find the ordinary dictionary janky, you're in luck: Merriam-Webster has added a slew of slang to its dictionary, lending new legitimacy to those informal terms and more.

It typically takes years for such slang to find its way into reference books, but Merriam-Webster says it's just following the internet's lead: We're adopting this language online quickly, so the dictionary is learning to quickly make room for these oft-used, made-up words. Read on for definitions and uses so you can level up your conversational skills.

Here are a few of the new slang terms you'll find in Merriam-Webster (with definitions courtesy of the dictionary) plus examples, so you'll never have to worry whether you're being cringe for misusing these words.

These words aren't considered slang, but they also weren't accepted into the Merriam-Webster dictionary until now. You may not use these words in daily life -- how often are you talking about baby hedgehogs? -- but they're important enough to belong in a reference book, at least online.

The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines racism as "a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities" and that "racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race."

Drake University shared the dictionary's response in a tweet. The statement said, in part, "A revision to the entry for racism is now being drafted to be added to the dictionary soon, and we are also planning to revise the entries of other words that are related to racism or have racial connotations."

He said that dictionary definitions have traditionally been short, because they had to fit so many words into their print editions. That's no longer the case since so many people use the dictionary online.

"The mission for [Noah] Webster himself, you know, back in his first dictionary in 1806, was to essentially present the current active vocabulary of American English and that's still our mission today," Sokolowski said.

An Orange County man was arrested Tuesday after making a series of alleged death threats targeted towards Merriam-Webster dictionary after the company opted to change the definition of several words related to gender identification.

Again, Hanson sent an inflammatory message to the dictionary which read, "The moron who created this fake definition should be hunted down and shot. I am sick and tired of these cultural Marxists denying science and destroying the English Language. Merriam-Webster headquarters should be shot and bombed. Boys aren't girls."

"Authentic" was selected as the 2023 word of the year by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, landing among the most-looked-up words in the dictionary's 500,000 entries, the company said in a press release Monday.

The dictionary said an additional 13 words stood out in 2023's look-up data. Not surprisingly, quite a few of them have a direct tie-in to the year's biggest news stories: coronation,dystopian, EGOT, implode, doppelganger, covenant, kibbutz, elemental, X and indict.

This year, the data-crunchers had to filter out countless five-letter words because they appeared on the smash-hit daily word puzzle, Wordle, the dictionary's editor-at-large told the Associated Press.

Authentic cuisine. Authentic voice. Authentic self. Authenticity as artifice. Lookups for the word are routinely heavy on the dictionary company's site but were boosted to new heights throughout the year, editor at large Peter Sokolowski told The Associated Press in an exclusive interview. ff782bc1db