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The average length of a Martian sidereal day is 24 h 37 m 22.663 s (88,642.663 seconds based on SI units), and the length of its solar day is 24 h 39 m 35.244 s (88,775.244 seconds).[3] The corresponding values for Earth are currently 23 h 56 m 4.0916 s and 24 h 00 m 00.002 s, respectively, which yields a conversion factor of 1.0274912517 Earth days/sol: thus, Mars's solar day is only about 2.75% longer than Earth's.

When a NASA spacecraft lander begins operations on Mars, the passing Martian days (sols) are tracked using a simple numerical count. The two Viking mission landers, Mars Phoenix, the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity, InSight, and Mars 2020 Perseverance missions all count the sol on which the lander touched down as "Sol 0". Mars Pathfinder and the two Mars Exploration Rovers instead defined touchdown as "Sol 1".[16]

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Long before mission control teams on Earth began scheduling work shifts according to the Martian sol while operating spacecraft on the surface of Mars, it was recognized that humans probably could adapt to this slightly longer diurnal period. This suggested that a calendar based on the sol and the Martian year might be a useful timekeeping system for astronomers in the short term and for explorers in the future. For most day-to-day activities on Earth, people do not use Julian days, as astronomers do, but the Gregorian calendar, which despite its various complications is quite useful. It allows for easy determination of whether one date is an anniversary of another, whether a date is in winter or spring, and what is the number of years between two dates. This is much less practical with Julian days count. For similar reasons, if it is ever necessary to schedule and co-ordinate activities on a large scale across the surface of Mars it would be necessary to agree on a calendar.

Czech astronomer Josef urn offered a Martian calendar design in 1997, in which a common year has 672 Martian days distributed into 24 months of 28 days (or 4 weeks of 7 days each); in skip years, the week at the end of the twelfth month is omitted.[34]

37 sols is the smallest integer number of sols after which the Mars Sol Date and the Julian date become offset by a full day. Alternatively, it can be viewed as the smallest integer number of sols needed for any Martian time zones to complete a full lap around Earth time zones. Specifically, 37 sols are equal to 38 Earth days plus 24 minutes and 44 seconds.

Edgar Rice Burroughs described, in The Gods of Mars (1913), the divisions of the sol into zodes, xats, and tals.[37] Although possibly the first to make the mistake of describing the Martian year as lasting 687 Martian days, he was far from the last.[38]

The Arthur C. Clarke novel The Sands of Mars (1951) mentions in passing that "Monday followed Sunday in the usual way" and "the months also had the same names, but were fifty to sixty days in length".[40]

Kurt Vonnegut's novel The Sirens of Titan (1959) describes a Martian calendar divided into twenty-one months: "twelve with thirty days, and nine with thirty-one", for a total of only 639 sols.[42]

Family tradition awaits at Le Mars's original drive-in theater location. Enjoy a family-friendly movie from lawn chairs and blankets or drive-in like the old days! This year's movie is Sing 2. You can watch the trailer here.

We have, however, included in the Mars24 displays the "Mars Sol Date" (MSD),as defined by AM2000. This represents a sequential count of Marssolar days elapsed since 1873 December 29 at approximately Greenwich noon (Julian Date 2405522.0).This epoch was prior to the great 1877 perihelic opposition of Mars and precedes nearly alldetailed observations of temporal changes on the planet. It corresponds to a MarsLs of 277, approximately the same planetocentric solar longitude asthat for the Earth on the same date. MSD 44796.0 is approximately coincident with 2000 January6.0, at a near-coincidence of prime meridian midnights on the two planets and a repetition ofMars Ls = 277. The period 44796 sols also represents a nearcommensurability of 126 Julian years and 67 Mars tropical revolutions. In principle, the MSDcould be used as a coherent sol-date reference for a variety of Mars missions and observations.

Based on conventional propulsion technology, a crewed mission to Mars could last up to three years. These missions would launch every 26 months when Earth and Mars are at their closest (aka. a Mars Opposition) and would spend a minimum of six to nine months in transit. A transit of 45 days (six and a half weeks) would reduce the overall mission time to months instead of years. This would significantly reduce the major risks associated with missions to Mars, including radiation exposure, the time spent in microgravity, and related health concerns.

Four thousand Martian days after setting its wheels in Gale Crater on Aug. 5, 2012, NASA's Curiosity rover remains busy conducting exciting science. The rover recently drilled its 39th sample, then dropped the pulverized rock into its belly for detailed analysis.

Mars revolves or orbits around the Sun once every 1.88 Earth years, or once every 686.93 Earth days. Mars travels at an average speed of 53,979 miles per hour or 86,871 kilometers per hour in its orbit around the Sun.

As part of the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program for 2023, NASA selected a nuclear concept for Phase I development. This new class of bimodal nuclear propulsion system uses a "wave rotor topping cycle" and could reduce transit times to Mars to just 45 days.

"Coupled with an NEP cycle, the duty cycle Isp can further be increased (1,800-4,000 seconds) with minimal addition of dry mass. This bimodal design enables the fast transit for manned missions (45 days to Mars) and revolutionizes the deep space exploration of our Solar System."

A transit of 45 days (six and a half weeks) would reduce the overall mission time to months instead of years. This would significantly reduce the major risks associated with missions to Mars, including radiation exposure, the time spent in microgravity, and related health concerns.

Answer: Mercury is the winner at an orbital speed of about 47.87 km/s (107,082 miles per hour), which is a period of about 87.97 Earth days. Just for your information, here is a list of the orbital speeds (and periods) for all 8 (plus Pluto) planets:

Four researchers have volunteered to live inside a 3D-printed simulated Mars habitat at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston to help the space agency learn more about the challenges of a human mission to Mars. On Sunday, the group of strangers were officially inside the mock Martian based dubbed "Mars Dune Alpha," where they will remain for the next 378 days.

"The fun thing about that is, of course, Mars rotates," said Hyde. "It has a day just like Earth does, and because we're at an angle, on different days and times we'll actually be able to catch different features, sort of as they go by with our relative positions."

This means that the Martian day is shortening by a fraction of a millisecond per year, according to a paper published in the journal Nature. Current Mars days, also known as Sols, last 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds.

Over the past few centuries, the Earth's rotation has actually been slowing down ever so slightly, although 2020 saw 28 of the shortest days since records began in the 1960s. The Earth completed a rotation 1.47 milliseconds shy of 24 hours on July 19, 2020, and on July 26, spun 1.50 milliseconds faster than 24 hours. The shortest-ever recorded day occurred on June 29, 2022, when a full rotation was completed in 1.59 milliseconds under 24 hours.

A crew of six today completed their simulated Mars mission after leaving a special isolation facility in Moscow, Russia, for the first time in 105 days. Their mission is part of the Mars500 programme that will help us to understand the psychological and medical aspects of long spaceflights.

Their simulated Mars mission ended at 12:00 CEST (14:00 local time) when the hatch was opened and the crew disembarked for the first time since 31 March. They had been inside the isolation facility at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP) for a total of 105 days, living and working in close quarters.

But, even if all that works, it will still be a challenging, arduous, and long journey to the Red Planet. Physicists have a new plan that could cut down the travel time from several months to a few days. Currently, spacecraft traveling at 39,600 kilometers per hour takes about seven months to reach Mars.

This bimodal design enables the fast transit for manned missions (45 days to Mars) and revolutionizes the deep space exploration of our solar system. The current NASA chemical rocket missions need to take 180-270 days to get to Mars.

They are all focused on competing against Starship OR building metal modules for a space station.

1) It will be another 10 years before another low-cost re-usable starship is developed by private industry. IOW, Starship owns major launch for the next 10 years.

2) Starship can be used to transport cargo and ppl to the moon, mars and venus. HOWEVER, it will be slow and not hold that many ppl.

3) A modified Starship will likely be used for a space station within several years.

4) Along comes this tug and at this time, it would likely be used to push starship to remote locations. 17dc91bb1f