Chess for Androidconsists of a chess engine (a Java version derivedfrom the C++ engine BikJump) and a GUI.The application accepts moves through the touch screen, trackball,or keyboard (e2e4 pushes the king pawn, e1g1 castles king side, etc.).An optional "move coach" highlights valid user movesduring input and last played engine move. Full game navigationenables users to correct mistakes or analyze games.Games import and export as FEN/PGN to and from the clipboardor via sharing, load and save as file, or are set up througha position editor. A draw by stalemate, insufficient material,the fifty move rule, or threefold repetition is recognized.The engine plays at various levels (including random, againstitself in auto-play, or free-play, where the game can be usedas a "magnetic chessboard"). The user can play either side and,independently, view the board from the perspective of white or black.

The application supports the Universal Chess Interface (UCI)and Chess Engine Communication Protocol (WinBoard and XBoard),which allows users to play against more powerful third partyengines or even play tournaments between engines(UCI and XBoard Protocols for Android andAndroid chess engines tournaments). Engines are imported in Android Open Exchange format (OEX), inAndroid Chessbase compatible format, or (when allowed) directly from SD card. Engine setup features time control, pondering, infinite analysis,hash tables, multiple threads, endgame tablebases, and opening test suites.The application connects to an external electronic chessboard(Certabo, Chessnut, ChessUp, House of Staunton, DGT, or Millennium) and online to either FICS (Free Internet Chess Server) or ICC (Internet Chess Club).


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As chess programmer, Aart is author of the UCI compatible chess engine BikJump, and the standalone chess application Chess for Android [3] , which can import other UCI Engines or WinBoard/XBoard engines which are natively compiled for Android (ARMv5TE for most mobile devices, x86 for some) [4] . More recently, he implemented Chess for Glass [5] .

The Universal Chess Interface (UCI)was designed by Stefan Meyer-Kahlen and Rudolf Huberas an open interface between a chess engine and a chessGUI. The interface allows chess programmers to focus onwriting the chess engine, leaving details such as boardsetup and play, clock and notation display, and possiblyopening book and root-level endgame tablebases play tothe GUI. Examples of programs on Windows, Linux, andMac OS with UCI engine support areArena,ChessBase, andSigma Chess.In August 2010, Chess for Androidwas the first program to support UCI on the Android platform.

The Chess Engine Communication Protocol (often simply called theXBoard or WinBoard protocol), designed by Tim Mann and H.G.Muller,provides an alternative protocol between chess engines and a chess GUI.In October 2011, Chess for Androidwas also the first program to support XBoard on the Android platform.

Although Chess for Android runs on any Android device,it is important that the engine has been compiled into propernative code for that device. Currently, the Android platformdistinguishes between x86-based devices and ARM-based devices.Any engine binary that has been compiled for 32-bit x86 Linux will workfor x86 Android as well. This format is widely available for many chess engines.Engine binaries compiled for ARM are not as widespread yet, although the list is growing.Some examples are given below.

NOTE: Applications that target API level 29 and run on Android 10 no longer can install engines fromSD card due to new security-related restrictions on W^X violations. In such cases, only properlypackaged engine binaries can be imported by other chess applications.

To actually import an engine in Chess for Android for game play, goto the UCI and XBoard submenu again, but now pick Import Engineand select the appropriate engine from the list of installed engines.If the import is successful, a window pops up with the engine name andauthor to indicate that the built-in Java chess engine now has beenreplaced by the imported engine (exiting the applicationunloads the engine). Some screenshots are shown below. Also see theChess for Android Manual.

It would be impossible to exhaustively describe this process for every available Android chess GUI, but you'll find help for a couple more popular apps described below. In general, you should consult the documentation for your app of choice to learn about the installation options available.

a. Press your finger on the black empty space under or to the right of the chessboard depending on your device orientation.

b.When a menu pops up, scroll down and tap "UCI and XBoard"

c. Tap "Import Engine"

d. Tap "komodo8"

e. You can next set program options like Hash Table memory size and number of CPUs, then tap "Done"

A chess engine is usually a back end with a command-line interface with no graphics or windowing. Engines are usually used with a front end, a windowed graphical user interface such as Chessbase or WinBoard that the user can interact with via a keyboard, mouse or touchscreen. This allows the user to play against multiple engines without learning a new user interface for each, and allows different engines to play against each other.

The meaning of the term "chess engine" has evolved over time. In 1986, Linda and Tony Scherzer entered their program Bebe into the 4th World Computer Chess Championship, running it on "Chess Engine," their brand name for the chess computer hardware[2] made, and marketed by their company Sys-10, Inc.[3] By 1990 the developers of Deep Blue, Feng-hsiung Hsu and Murray Campbell, were writing of giving their program a 'searching engine,' apparently referring to the software rather than the hardware.[4] In December 1991, Computer-schach & Spiele referred to Chessbase's recently released Fritz as a 'Schach-motor,' the German translation for 'chess engine.[5] By early 1993, Marty Hirsch was drawing a distinction between commercial chess programs such as Chessmaster 3000 or Battle Chess on the one hand, and 'chess engines' such as ChessGenius or his own MChess Pro on the other. In his characterization, commercial chess programs were low in price, had fancy graphics, but did not place high on the SSDF (Swedish Chess Computer Association) rating lists while engines were more expensive, and did have high ratings.[6]

In 1994, Shay Bushinsky was working on an early version of his Junior program. He wanted to focus on the chess playing part rather than the graphics, and so asked Tim Mann how he could get Junior to communicate with Winboard. Tim's answer formed the basis for what became known as the Chess Engine Communication Protocol or Winboard engines, originally a subset of the GNU Chess command line interface.[7]

Also in 1994, Stephen J. Edwards released the Portable Game Notation (PGN) specification. It mentions PGN reading programs not needing to have a "full chess engine." It also mentions three "graphical user interfaces" (GUI): XBoard, pgnRead and Slappy the database.[8]

From 1998, the German company Millenium 2000 briefly moved from dedicated chess computers into the software market, developing the Millennium Chess System (MCS) protocol for a series of CD's containing ChessGenius or Shredder, but after 2001 ceased releasing new software.[10] A more longstanding engine protocol has been used by the Dutch company, Lokasoft,[11] which eventually took over the marketing of Ed Schrder's Rebel.

Chess engines increase in playing strength continually. This is partly due to the increase in processing power that enables calculations to be made to ever greater depths in a given time. In addition, programming techniques have improved, enabling the engines to be more selective in the lines that they analyze and to acquire a better positional understanding. A chess engine often uses a vast previously-computed opening "book" to increase its playing strength for the first several moves, up to possibly 20 moves or more in deeply analyzed lines.[citation needed]

Some chess engines use endgame tablebases to increase their playing strength during the endgame. An endgame tablebase includes all possible endgame positions with a small amount of material. Each position is conclusively determined as a win, loss, or draw for the player whose turn it is to move, and the number of moves to the end with best play by both sides. The tablebase identifies for every position the move which will win the fastest against an optimal defense, or the move that will lose the slowest against an optimal offense. Such tablebases are available for all chess endgames with seven pieces or fewer (trivial endgame positions are excluded, such as six white pieces versus a lone black king).[12][13]

When the maneuvering in an ending to achieve an irreversible improvement takes more moves than the horizon of calculation of a chess engine, an engine is not guaranteed to find the best move without the use of an endgame tablebase, and in many cases can fall foul of the fifty-move rule as a result. Many engines use permanent brain (continuing to calculate during the opponent's turn) as a method to increase their strength.

Distributed computing is also used to improve the software code of chess engines. In 2013, the developers of the Stockfish chess playing program started using distributed computing to make improvements in the software code.[14][15][16] As of June 2017[update], a total of more than 745 years of CPU time has been used to play more than 485 million chess games, with the results being used to make small and incremental improvements to the chess-playing software.[17] In 2019, Ethereal author Andrew Grant started the distributed computing testing framework OpenBench, based upon Stockfish's testing framework,[18][19] and it is now the most widely-used testing framework for chess engines.[citation needed] e24fc04721

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