Active recall means testing yourself from memory — not re-reading notes. Use flashcards, write down answers to questions, or try past paper problems without looking at your book.
Spaced repetition means reviewing topics at increasing intervals (e.g. Day 1, Day 3, Day 7, Day 14) to strengthen long-term memory. Tools like a retrospective revision planner or apps like Anki and Quizlet can help you stay on track.