Actinic keratosis (AK) is a skin condition caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. It is characterized by the development of rough, scaly patches on the skin, and if left untreated, it can progress to squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for actinic keratosis is important for early detection and management.

Causes: The primary cause of actinic keratosis is excessive and cumulative exposure to UV radiation. Prolonged periods of sun exposure over many years lead to DNA damage in the skin cells. This damage disrupts the normal growth and turnover of cells, resulting in the development of AK lesions. People who spend a lot of time outdoors, have fair skin, or live in sunny climates are at higher risk. Additionally, a history of frequent sunburns, genetic factors, and a weakened immune system can increase the likelihood of developing Actinic keratosis Treatment In Dubai.

Symptoms: The main symptom of actinic keratosis is the presence of rough, scaly patches on the skin. These patches are typically small, measuring a few millimeters to a few centimeters in diameter. They may appear as flat, elevated, or slightly raised areas and can range in color from skin-toned to red or brown. AK lesions commonly occur on sun-exposed areas like the face, scalp, ears, neck, forearms, and hands. The patches may be itchy, tender, or painful, especially when touched or exposed to sunlight. Over time, they can become thicker, harder, or develop a wart-like texture. Changes in size, shape, or color are also possible.

Treatment: Treating actinic keratosis is essential to prevent its progression into skin cancer. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as the number, location, and severity of lesions, as well as individual patient characteristics. Common treatment options include:

• Topical Medications: Prescription creams or gels containing ingredients such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, diclofenac, or ingenol mebutate are applied directly to the affected skin. These medications work to destroy AK cells or stimulate the immune system to target abnormal cells.

• Cryotherapy: Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy AK lesions. The freezing process causes the affected skin to blister and eventually peel off, allowing healthy skin to regenerate.

• Curettage and Electrodesiccation: The AK lesion is scraped off using a curette (a sharp instrument), and an electric needle is used to destroy any remaining abnormal cells. This method is often used for thicker or more stubborn AK patches.

• Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): A photosensitizing agent is applied to the AK lesions, followed by exposure to a specific wavelength of light. The light activates the agent, causing a reaction that destroys the AK cells.

• Laser Therapy: Certain types of lasers can be used to selectively target and destroy AK lesions. Laser treatment is often suitable for individual or small clusters of AKs, especially on the face.

• Surgical Excision: For large or thick AK lesions, surgical removal may be necessary. The Dermatologist In Dubai will numb the area and surgically remove the affected skin. This method allows for a more accurate examination of the tissue and can be used when there is concern about the possibility of skin cancer.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional or dermatologist to determine the most appropriate treatment for actinic keratosis based on individual circumstances. Additionally, taking preventive measures such as sun protection, avoiding tanning beds, and regular skin examinations can help reduce the risk of developing actinic keratosis in the first place and detect any new or changing lesions early on.

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