The Delhi Metro is a mass rapid transit (MRT) system serving Delhi and its adjoining satellite cities such as Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurugram, Noida and Bahadurgarh, in the National Capital Region of India.[10] The Delhi Metro network consists of 10 colour-coded lines[1] serving 256 stations[a] with a total length of 350.42 kilometres (217.74 mi).[c] It is the largest and busiest metro rail system in India, and the second oldest after the Kolkata Metro. The system has a mix of underground, at-grade, and elevated stations using both broad-gauge and standard-gauge tracks. The Delhi Metro operates over 4,300 trips daily.[12]

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a company with equal equity participation from the Government of India and the Government of Delhi, built and operates the Delhi Metro.[16][17] DMRC was certified by the United Nations in 2011 as the first metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get carbon credits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing carbon emission levels in the city by 630,000 tonnes every year.[6]


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Driverless operations on the 38 km (24 mi) long Magenta line began on 28 December 2021, making it the first driverless metro line of Delhi Metro and India's first driverless metro.[50] On 25 November 2021, the 59 km (37 mi) long Pink Line also began driverless train operations. With this, the total stretch of DMRC's network under driverless operations now stands at close to 97 km (60 mi), putting Delhi Metro in fourth position globally among such networks, marginally behind Kuala Lumpur.[51]

The Yellow Line is the first line of Delhi Metro which has phased out all four coach trains with six and eight-coach configurations. The Metro Museum at Patel Chowk metro station, the only museum about metro railway in South Asia, is a collection of display panels, historical photographs and exhibits, tracing the genesis of the Delhi Metro.[88] The museum was opened on 1 January 2009.[80]

Interchanges are available with Yellow Line at New Delhi, Blue Line at Dwarka Sector 21, Durgabai Deshmukh South Campus metro station of Pink Line at Dhaula Kuan & with the Indian Railways network at New Delhi.

It consists of 25 metro stations from Janakpuri West to Botanical Garden. The Magenta Line provide direct connectivity to Terminal 1D of Indira Gandhi International Airport. The Hauz Khas station on this line and the current Yellow Line is the deepest Metro station at a depth of 29 metres (95 ft), surpassing the record set by Chawri Bazaar station on the Yellow Line, at a depth of 25 metres (82 ft).[118] The Magenta line has interchanges with the Yellow Line at Hauz Khas, Blue Line at Janakpuri West and Botanical Garden, and Violet Line at Kalkaji Mandir of the Delhi Metro network.

Phase IV of the network with a length of 103 km (64 mi) and 6 lines was finalized by the Government of Delhi in December 2018.[126] Approval from Government of India was received for 3 priority corridors in March 2019.[127] Construction work on these 3 priority corridors having a length of 65.1 km (40.5 mi) commenced on 30 December 2019, with an expected completion date of 2025.[128] Therefore, at the end of Phase IV, the total length of the Delhi Metro will exceed 450 kilometres (280 mi),[129][47] which does not include other independently operated systems in the National Capital Region such as the 29.7 kilometres (18.5 mi) long Aqua Line of the Noida-Greater Noida Metro[130] and the 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) of the Rapid Metro Gurgaon that connect to the Delhi Metro.[131][132] This may make Delhi Metro the 7th longest metro system by route length after Shanghai Metro, Beijing Subway, Guangzhou Metro, Shenzhen Metro, Chengdu Metro and Hangzhou Metro.

The trains operate at a frequency of one to two minutes to five to ten minutes between 05:00 and 00:00, depending upon the peak and off-peak hours. Trains operating within the network typically travel at speed up to 75 km/h (47 mph) and stop for about 20 seconds at each station. Automated station announcements are recorded in Hindi and English. Many stations have services such as ATMs, food outlets, cafs, convenience stores and mobile recharge. Eating, drinking, smoking, and chewing gum are prohibited in the entire system. The Metro also has a sophisticated fire alarm system for advance warning in emergencies, and fire retardant material is used in trains as well as on the premises of stations.[151] Navigation information is available on Google Maps.[152] Since October 2010, the first coach of every train is reserved for women. However, last coaches are also reserved when the train changes tracks at the terminal stations in the Red, Green and Violet Lines.[153][154] To make travelling by metro a smoother experience, Delhi Metro has launched its own official mobile app Delhi Metro Rail for smartphone users,(iPhone and Android) that will provide information on various facilities like the location of the nearest metro station,[155] fare, parking availability, tourist spots near metro stations, security and emergency helpline numbers.[156]

Security on the Delhi Metro is handled by CISF Unit DMRC of Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), who have been guarding the system ever since they took over from the Delhi Police in 2007.[157] Closed-circuit cameras are used to monitor trains and stations, and feed from these is monitored by both the CISF and Delhi Metro authorities at their respective control rooms.[158] Over 7000 CISF personnel have been deployed for security of metro and its installations in addition to metal detectors, X-ray baggage inspection systems, and dog squads which are used to secure the system. To deal with law and order issues in the system, 18 Delhi Metro Rail Police (A dedicated wing of Delhi Police) stations have been established. About 5,200 CCTV cameras have been installed. Each of the underground stations has about 45 to 50 cameras installed while the elevated stations have about 16 to 20 cameras each. The monitoring of these cameras is done by the CISF, which is in charge of the security of the Metro, as well as the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.[159] Intercoms are provided in each train car for emergency communication between the passengers and the train operator.[160] Periodic security drills are carried out at stations and on trains to ensure the preparedness of security agencies in emergency situations.[161]DMRC is also looking at raising the station walls and railings for the safety of passengers.[162]

As the network has expanded, high ridership in new trains has led to increasing instances of overcrowding and delays on the Delhi Metro.[184][185] To alleviate the problem, 8 coach trains have been introduced in Yellow line and Blue line and an increase in the frequency of trains has been proposed.[184] Infrequent, overcrowded and erratic feeder bus services connecting stations to nearby localities have also been reported as an area of concern.[186][187] While the quality and the cleanliness of the Delhi Metro was lauded, the rising cost of fares have been routinely criticized, with fares being much more expensive compared to the bus services the metro replaced.[21] One recent study has named the fares of the Delhi Metro as one of the world's most unaffordable among the metros that charge more than US$0.5 per ride.[188] Another study finds that Delhi Metro may also have a low ridership problem compared to its size and may not be generating the amount of traffic a metro system generates.[189]

DMRC operates 291 electric feeder buses on 42 routes connecting 54 metro stations in Delhi. Around 200,000 people use the feeder bus service on a daily basis, which runs from 8 AM to 8 PM with a frequency of 10 to 15 minutes depending upon road traffic density. However, if an operator wishes, they can operate before or beyond these hours. At present, metro feeder bus depots are located at Shastri Park, Kohat Enclave, Janakpuri West, Dwarka Sector-9, Chhatarpur, Yamuna Bank and Azadpur.[190]

Eight 6-car trains supplied by CAF Beasain were imported from Spain.[236] CAF held 5% equity in the DAME project, and Reliance Infrastructure held the remaining 95%[237] before DMRC took over the operations. The trains on this line are of a premium standard compared to the existing metro trains and have inbuilt noise reduction and padded fabric seats. The coaches are equipped with LCD screens for the entertainment of the passengers and also provide flight information for the convenience of air travellers. The trains are fitted with an event recorder which can withstand high levels of temperature and impact and the wheels have a flange lubrication system for less noise and better riding comfort.[153]

The Airport Express line introduced WiFi services at all stations along the route on 13 January 2012.[242] Connectivity inside metro trains travelling on the route is expected in the future. The WiFi service is provided by YOU Broadband and Cable India Limited.[243] In August 2017, Wifi service was launched at all the 50 stations under Blue Line.[244]

Delhi Metro has won awards for environmentally friendly practices from organisations including the United Nations,[246] RINA,[247] and the International Organization for Standardization,[247] becoming the second metro in the world, after the New York City Subway, to be ISO 14001 certified for environmentally friendly construction.[248] As of March 2023, 64 metro stations, 4 sections on the central verge between piers, and 12 other locations on the network (belonging to Phase-I and Phase-II) have the provision for rainwater harvesting as an environmental protection measure. In addition to this, all the 27 elevated stations of Phase-IV will also have facilities for the same. 52 recharge pits are being constructed for this purpose.[249][250][251] It is also the first railway project in the world to earn carbon credits after being registered with the United Nations under the Clean Development Mechanism,[252] and has so far earned 400,000 carbon credits by saving energy through the use of regenerative braking systems on its trains.[253] e24fc04721

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