The Gregorian calendar is the most prevalently used calendar today. Within this calendar, a standard year consists of 365 days with a leap day being introduced to the month of February during a leap year. The months of April, June, September, and November have 30 days, while the rest have 31 days except for February, which has 28 days in a standard year, and 29 in a leap year.

The Gregorian calendar is a reformed version of the Julian calendar, which was itself a modification of the ancient Roman calendar. The ancient Roman calendar was believed to be an observational lunar calendar, based on the cycles of the moon's phases. The Romans were then believed to have adopted a 10-month calendar with 304 days, leaving the remaining 50 or so days as an unorganized winter. This calendar allowed the summer and winter months to become completely misplaced, leading to the adoption of more accurate calendars.


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The Republican calendar later used by Rome followed Greek calendars in its assumptions of 29.5 days in a lunar cycle and 12.5 synodic months in a solar year, which align every fourth year upon the addition of the intercalary months of January and February. From this point, many attempts were made to align the Republican calendar with the solar year including the addition of an extra month to certain years to supplant the lack of days in a particular year. In 46 BC, the calendar was further reformed by Julius Caesar, introducing an algorithm that removed the dependence of calendars from the observation of the new moon. In order to accomplish this, Caesar inserted an additional 10 days into the Republican calendar, making the total number of days in a year 365. He also added the intercalation of a leap day every fourth year, all in an attempt to further synchronize the Roman calendar with the solar year.

Despite all efforts, the Julian calendar still required further reform, since the calendar drifted with respect to the equinoxes and solstices by approximately 11 minutes per year. By 1582, this resulted in a difference of 10 days from what was expected. Pope Gregory XIII addressed this by essentially skipping 10 days in the date, making the day after October 4, 1582, October 15. An adjustment was also made to the algorithm of the Julian calendar that changed which century years would be considered leap years. Under the Gregorian calendar, century years not divisible by 400 would not be leap years. These changes reduced the error from 1 day in 128 years, to 1 day in 3,030 years with respect to the current value of the mean solar year.

A holiday is a day that, either by custom or by law, is set aside such that regular activities like going to work or school are suspended, or at least reduced. The term "holiday" can be interpreted differently, depending on the region. In the U.S., paid leave is typically referred to as "vacation," while national, religious, or cultural days off are referred to exclusively as "holiday." In some regions, however, such as the United Kingdom or former British colonies, the term holiday can also refer to paid leave.

Generally, holidays are meant to commemorate some event, person, or group of cultural or religious significance. Although certain holidays, such as Christmas and New Year's Day, are widely celebrated worldwide, most countries have their own set of holidays that are specific to the country, and even the same holidays may be observed differently within countries: some may receive a full suspension of typical daily activities, while others may only get partial days off. Certain countries have holidays that essentially shut down almost all businesses. As an example, in Brazil, Carnaval do Brasil results in almost a full week in which only industrial production, retail establishments, or carnival-related businesses, function.

This calculator is mainly geared towards U.S. holidays, but holidays specific to a given country can be entered manually. Certain holidays can also be excluded. For a further level of specificity, federal holidays in the U.S. refer to holidays that have been recognized by the U.S. government; on these days, non-essential federal government offices are closed, and all federal employees receive paid leave. This is not necessarily true in the private sector, however, and which federal holidays a private sector employee receives is largely dependent on the discretion of the company. In some cases, an employee who is required to work on a federal holiday may receive compensation in the form of holiday pay in addition to their regular wages.

Certain holidays such as New Year's Day are referred to as "fixed holidays," since they fall on the same date every year. Others, such as the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., don't have a fixed date, because they occur on a "floating Monday"; in this particular case, the holiday occurs on the third Monday of January. Another widely observed holiday in the U.S., Thanksgiving, occurs on a "floating Thursday," the fourth Thursday In November, hence the dates of these holidays vary by year.Below are two tables showing the dates of federal holidays in the U.S. for 2023 and 2024.

Knowing the days you are most likely to be fertile can increase your chance of getting pregnant. The typical menstrual cycle is 28 days long, but each woman is different. There are about 6 days during each menstrual cycle when you can get pregnant. This is called your fertile window. Use the calculator to see which days you are most likely to be fertile.

This ovulation calculator provides an estimate of your fertile window and is not a guarantee of pregnancy or of birth control. The calculator and information on this website are not medical advice. Talk to your doctor or nurse to plan for pregnancy and find birth control that works for you.

This online calculator pulls weather station data--including heating and cooling degree days (HDD and CDD)--from more than 900 weather stations around the United States and Canada. Use the weather normalization data here to adjust your building's or industrial plant's energy usage data for changes in weather.

You can use the calculator to find out if you have been physically present in Canada long enough to be eligible for citizenship. If you have, the calculator will tell you that you are eligible to apply. If you have not, it will tell you when you will be eligible to apply.

To be eligible for Canadian citizenship, you must have been physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days in the five years immediately before the date of your application. We encourage applicants to apply with more than the minimum requirement of 1,095 days of physical presence, to account for any miscalculations of absences, or any other aspect that could lower the physical presence total below 1,095 days. Please note that you cannot meet the physical presence requirement without a minimum of two (2) years as a permanent resident.

During the four (4) years immediately before the date of your application, if you spent 183 days or more in a row (since the age of 18) in a country (other than Canada), you must provide a police certificate from each country. If you were in your country of origin immediately prior to becoming a permanent resident and landing in Canada and this time falls within this four year period, you are NOT required to provide a police certificate. Please indicate this in the explanation box of the application form.

To begin, click on a start date to the right (default is the current date). Then, enter the number of Court days, past or future, to calculate and press the 'Calculate' button. To calculate "past" Court days, enter a minus sign before the number.

If you are immunocompromised or were severely ill with COVID-19, these calculators likely do not apply to your situation. Please see What to do if you test positive for COVID-19 (PDF) for additional information.

If you are staying or working in a higher risk setting these calculators may not apply to your situation. Higher-risk settings include: health care facilities, correctional facilities, detention facilities, homeless shelters, transitional housing, commercial maritime settings (e.g., commercial seafood vessel, cargo ship, cruise ship), temporary worker housing, or crowded work sites where physical distancing is not possible due to the nature of the work (e.g., warehouses, factories, and food packaging and meat processing facilities). Please see What to do if you test positive for COVID-19 (PDF) and What to do if you were potentially exposed to someone with COVID-19 (PDF) for more information.

You should wear a high quality and well-fitting mask when around other people for 5 more days (until ) and avoid activities where you cannot wear a mask. You should also avoid being around people who are at high risk until . See the CDC's Travel page for information on travel.

Wear a high quality and well-fitting mask when around other people, avoid activities where you cannot wear a mask, and avoid being around people who are high risk for severe disease until 10 full days have passed since your last exposure (until ). See the CDC's Travel page for information on travel.

If you have been exposed to COVID-19 and have no symptoms but had COVID-19 in the past 30 days, testing is not recommended. If you had COVID-19 within the past 30-90 days, use an antigen test (not a PCR test), as PCR results may remain persistently positive even if there is not a new, active infection.

If you have tested positive for COVID-19, you must isolate for at least 5 days after the start of your symptoms (or after the date of the first positive test if no symptoms). To discontinue isolation, your symptoms must have resolved or are resolving and retesting* on Day 5 or later produces a negative result. ff782bc1db

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