Mohanda Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was a pivotal leader in the Indian independence movement, advocating for nonviolent resistance against British colonial rule. Gandhi’s philosophy, called "satyagraha," emphasized civil disobedience and nonviolence as a means to achieve political and social goals. His efforts included the iconic Salt March, the Quit India Movement, and various campaigns against discriminatory laws and practices. Gandhi's influence extended beyond India, inspiring global figures such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela. He played a key role in uniting different factions within the Indian independence movement and advocated for religious tolerance, which ultimately led to his assassination in 1948 by Nathuram Godse.

### Commonly Repeated Clues for Gandhi

1. **Salt March**: This 240-mile march in 1930 protested the British salt monopoly and was a critical event in the civil disobedience movement.

   - **Frequency**: Mentioned in 9 question stems.

   - **Context**: Often cited as a prime example of Gandhi's use of nonviolent protest (satyagraha).

2. **Satyagraha**: This philosophy of nonviolent resistance was coined by Gandhi and is often linked with his various campaigns.

   - **Frequency**: Mentioned in 7 question stems.

   - **Context**: Described as the basis for his strategies against British rule and influence on other global civil rights movements.

3. **Nathuram Godse**: The man who assassinated Gandhi, driven by opposition to his perceived leniency towards Muslims.

   - **Frequency**: Mentioned in 5 question stems.

   - **Context**: Godse’s actions and motivations are commonly linked with Gandhi’s death and legacy.

4. **Tolstoy Farm**: A commune Gandhi established in South Africa as part of his early activism.

   - **Frequency**: Mentioned in 4 question stems.

   - **Context**: Tolstoy Farm is used to highlight his early development of satyagraha and nonviolent principles.

5. **Khadi/Spinning Wheel**: Gandhi’s use of khadi (homespun cloth) and the spinning wheel symbolized his economic resistance to British goods.

   - **Frequency**: Mentioned in 4 question stems.

   - **Context**: The use of khadi is tied to his emphasis on self-sufficiency and rejection of British industrial goods.

### Related Quizbowl Facts That Appeared in More Than One Toss-up

1. A key moment in Gandhi's life was when he was forcibly removed from a ___1___ compartment in South Africa, a pivotal event that shaped his resistance to racial discrimination.

2. Gandhi’s autobiography is titled *The Story of My Experiments with ___2___*, where he elaborates on his philosophical and political beliefs.

3. Gandhi was educated in law at the ___3___ Temple in London, which influenced his subsequent legal work in South Africa and India.

4. He collaborated with the Khilafat Movement, a group primarily concerned with Muslim concerns, which highlights his stance on ___4___ unity.

5. Gandhi’s political philosophy was heavily influenced by Leo ___5___, and the two exchanged letters that deepened Gandhi’s commitment to nonviolence.

6. Gandhi’s followers included figures like Hermann ___6___, a German-Jewish architect who helped establish the Tolstoy Farm in South Africa.

7. Gandhi’s advocacy for nonviolence was termed ___7___, which he defined as "truth force" and used to challenge colonial rule.

8. In 1931, Gandhi signed the ___8___ Pact, a temporary truce with the British that allowed for Indian participation in the Round Table Conferences.

1. Train 🚂  

2. Truth  

3. Inner  

4. Hindu-Muslim  

5. Tolstoy  

6. Kallenbach  

7. Satyagraha  

8. Irwin

### Repeated Clues and Frequency Counts

1. **Satyagraha** - 23

2. **Salt March** - 20

3. **Assassination by Nathuram Godse** - 19

4. **Nonviolence/Civil Disobedience Philosophy** - 16

5. **Mahatma Gandhi or Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi as "Father of Indian Independence"** - 14

6. **Khadi Movement/Spinning Wheel/Use of Homespun Textiles** - 12

7. **Quit India Movement** - 6

8. **Poona Pact** - 5

9. **Tolstoy Farm** - 5

10. **Second Round Table Conference** - 5

11. **Lord Irwin** - 5

12. **Hind Swaraj** - 3

13. **Partition and Tension with Mohammad Ali Jinnah** - 3

14. **Opposition to the Rowlatt Acts** - 2

15. **Margaret Bourke-White’s Photo** - 3

16. **Influence by Leo Tolstoy/The Kingdom of God Is Within You** - 3