Einstein

Albert Einstein, a German-born theoretical physicist, revolutionized our understanding of physics in the 20th century. His groundbreaking theories fundamentally changed how we view space, time, gravity, and the relationship between matter and energy. Most notably recognized for his theories of special and general relativity, Einstein's work extended far beyond these achievements to include significant contributions to quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and our understanding of light.

### Major Scientific Contributions (Organized by Frequency in Questions)

- **Theory of Relativity**

  - Special Relativity (1905): Established constant speed of light and relativity of time/space

  - General Relativity (1915): Described gravity as curvature of spacetime

  - Field equations described gravitational effects on spacetime geometry

- **Photoelectric Effect**

  - Won 1921 Nobel Prize for this work

  - Explained how light causes electrons to be emitted from metals

  - Part of his revolutionary 1905 publications

- **Brownian Motion**

  - Developed theoretical explanations for particle movement

  - Collaborated with Smoluchowski on related equations

  - Published during his "miracle year" (1905)

### Related Quizbowl Facts

The ___1___ papers of 1905 included groundbreaking work on special relativity and the photoelectric effect. Along with ___2___, this physicist developed statistics for describing particle behavior, leading to the prediction of a new state of matter. He famously stated that "___3___ does not play dice with the universe" in response to quantum mechanics' probabilistic nature. The ___4___-Planck equation describes the evolution of probability density functions. His work with ___5___ and Podolsky led to a famous paradox about quantum entanglement, which he called "___6___ action at a distance." After moving to America, he wrote a letter with Leo ___7___ to President Roosevelt about developing atomic weapons. His brain was controversially removed during autopsy by Thomas ___8___ Harvey.

1. Annus Mirabilis

2. Bose

3. God

4. Fokker

5. Rosen

6. spooky

7. Szilard

8. Stoltz

Let me analyze the recurring elements in these questions about Albert Einstein and list them in descending order of frequency:

1. **E = mc²/Mass-energy equivalence** - 28 occurrences: References to Einstein's most famous equation relating mass and energy.

2. **Theory of Relativity (General and Special)** - 26 occurrences: Mentions of his theories of special and general relativity.

3. **Photoelectric effect/Nobel Prize** - 18 occurrences: References to his Nobel Prize-winning work explaining the photoelectric effect.

4. **Annus Mirabilis papers (1905)** - 12 occurrences: References to his "miracle year" papers published in 1905.

5. **God/Dice quote** - 9 occurrences: References to his famous quote "God does not play dice with the universe" regarding quantum mechanics.

6. **Cosmological constant** - 8 occurrences: References to Einstein's "biggest blunder" in trying to model a static universe.

7. **Einstein-Bergson debate** - 7 occurrences: References to his 1922 debate with Henri Bergson about the nature of time.

8. **Einstein's brain/Thomas Stoltz Harvey** - 7 occurrences: References to the theft and study of Einstein's brain after his death.

9. **Einstein-Szilard letter** - 7 occurrences: References to his letter to FDR about the atomic bomb.

10. **Luce Irigaray criticism** - 6 occurrences: References to Irigaray's critique of E = mc² as a "sexed equation."