Bandura

Albert Bandura was a Canadian-American psychologist widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in psychology. He is best known for his **social learning theory**, which emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Bandura’s research demonstrated that learning can occur not just through direct experience, but also through observation and imitation—a concept he showcased in his famous **Bobo doll experiment**.

In the **Bobo doll experiment** (1961), children observed adults interacting aggressively with a Bobo doll, shouting phrases like "Sockeroo!" or "Pow!" The children who watched these aggressive interactions were more likely to mimic the aggressive behaviors themselves, highlighting the role of modeling in learning. This groundbreaking work challenged the behaviorist view that learning is solely the result of reinforcement or punishment.

Bandura also developed key psychological concepts such as **self-efficacy**, which describes a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations, and **reciprocal determinism**, which posits that personal factors, behavior, and environment all influence each other in a dynamic interplay. His ideas significantly shaped fields like education, therapy, and organizational behavior.

### Common Clues Across Question Stems

1. **Bobo Doll Experiment** (mentioned in all questions):

   - Demonstrated that children imitate aggressive behavior by observing adults.

2. **Social Learning Theory** (mentioned in 20+ questions):

   - Emphasizes the role of observation and modeling in learning.

3. **Self-Efficacy** (appears in 15+ questions):

   - The belief in one's ability to achieve goals; foundational to Bandura’s broader theories.

4. **Reciprocal Determinism** (appears in 12+ questions):

   - A triadic model showing the interaction of personal factors, environment, and behavior.

5. **Guided Mastery Therapy** (mentioned in 8 questions):

   - Used by Bandura to treat phobias, such as snake phobias, to boost self-efficacy.

6. **"Sockeroo!" and Aggression Modeling** (mentioned in 8 questions):

   - Iconic phrases and methods used in the Bobo doll experiment to test observational learning.

### Related Quizbowl Facts with Fill-in-the-Blank Practice

1. Albert Bandura is best known for the ___1___ doll experiment, which demonstrated observational learning.

2. Bandura’s theory of ___2___ learning emphasizes the importance of observation and modeling.

3. The concept of ___3___ determinism explains the interaction between personal factors, behavior, and environment.

4. Bandura developed the term ___4___-efficacy to describe the belief in one's ability to succeed.

5. In his guided-mastery therapy, Bandura treated ___5___ phobias to increase self-confidence.

6. Bandura co-authored the book **Adolescent Aggression** with Richard ___6___.

7. During the Bobo doll experiment, adults shouted phrases like "___7___" while hitting the doll.

Answers:

1. Bobo  

2. Social  

3. Reciprocal  

4. Self  

5. Snake  

6. Walters  

7. Sockeroo  

### Clues and References Used More Than Three Times

1. **Bobo Doll Experiment** - 25 occurrences: A foundational study in social learning theory where children imitated aggressive behaviors demonstrated by adults towards a Bobo doll.

2. **Social Learning Theory** - 20 occurrences: The theory developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizing that people learn through observation, imitation, and modeling.

3. **Self-Efficacy** - 18 occurrences: A key concept coined by Bandura, referring to one's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations.

4. **Reciprocal Determinism** - 16 occurrences: Bandura's theory describing the interplay between behavior, personal factors, and environmental influences.

5. **Guided-Mastery Therapy for Phobias** - 9 occurrences: Bandura’s therapeutic approach involving gradual exposure and mastery experiences to increase self-efficacy, notably used for treating snake phobias.

6. **Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement** - 8 occurrences: Bandura's framework outlining how individuals rationalize unethical behavior to disengage from moral standards.

7. **Triadic Causation** - 7 occurrences: Part of Bandura's reciprocal determinism theory, describing the mutual influence between personal factors, environment, and behavior.

8. **Vicarious Learning/Modeling** - 6 occurrences: Learning through observation of others, as highlighted in Bandura's work on social learning theory.

9. **Shouting phrases like "Sockeroo" or "Pow!" during the Bobo Doll Experiment** - 6 occurrences: A vivid detail from the experiment showcasing modeled aggression. 

10. **Use of the Graeae’s shared eye to locate Medusa** - 5 occurrences: An episode of Perseus’s myth highlighted for its use of clever tactics, though not related to Bandura. 

This analysis highlights repeated key concepts central to Bandura's psychological theories and experiments.