UNCONDITIONAL STMTS

Jump Statements in C/C++

These statements are used in C orC++ for unconditional flow of control through out the funtions in a program. They support four type of jump statements:

1. C break: This loop control statement is used to terminate the loop. As soon as the break statement is encountered from within a loop, the loop iterations stops there and control returns from the loop immediately to the first statement after the loop.
   Syntax:
   

break;

1. Basically break statements are used in the situations when we are not sure about the actual number of iterations for the loop or we want to terminate the loop based on some condition.
   

1. Example:
   

• C

• C++

// C program to illustrate

// Linear Search

#include <stdio.h>

void findElement(int arr[], int size, int key)

{

// loop to traverse array and search for key

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

if (arr[i] == key) {

printf("Element found at position: %d", (i + 1));

break;

}

}

}

int main() {

int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };

// no of elements

int n = 6;

// key to be searched

int key = 3;

// Calling function to find the key

findElement(arr, n, key);

return 0;

}

Output:

Element found at position: 3

2. C continue: This loop control statement is just like the break statement. The continue statement is opposite to that of break statement, instead of terminating the loop, it forces to execute the next iteration of the loop.
   As the name suggest the continue statement forces the loop to continue or execute the next iteration. When the continue statement is executed in the loop, the code inside the loop following the continue statement will be skipped and next iteration of the loop will begin.
   Syntax:
   

continue;

1. Example:
   

• C

• C++

// C program to explain the use

// of continue statement

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

// loop from 1 to 10

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {

// If i is equals to 6,

// continue to next iteration

// without printing

if (i == 6)

continue;

else

// otherwise print the value of i

printf("%d ", i);

}

return 0;

}

Output:

1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10

If you create variable in if else in C/C++, it will be local to that if/else block only. You can use global variables inside if/else block. If name of variable you created in if/else is as same as any global variable then priority will be given to `local variable`.

• C++

• C

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){

int gfg=0; // local variable for main

cout<<"Before if-else block "<<gfg<<endl;

if(1){

int gfg = 100; // new local variable of if block

cout<<"if block "<<gfg<<endl;

}

cout<<"After if block "<<gfg<<endl;

return 0;

}

/*

Before if-else block 0

if block 100

After if block 0

*/

1. C goto: The goto statement in C/C++ also referred to as unconditional jump statement can be used to jump from one point to another within a function.
   Syntax:
   

Syntax1 | Syntax2

----------------------------

goto label; | label:

. | .

. | .

. | .

label: | goto label;

1. In the above syntax, the first line tells the compiler to go to or jump to the statement marked as a label. Here label is a user-defined identifier which indicates the target statement. The statement immediately followed after ‘label:’ is the destination statement. The ‘label:’ can also appear before the ‘goto label;’ statement in the above syntax.
   

1. Below are some examples on how to use goto statement:
   Examples:
   

• C

• C++

// C program to print numbers

// from 1 to 10 using goto statement

#include <stdio.h>

// function to print numbers from 1 to 10

void printNumbers()

{

int n = 1;

label:

printf("%d ",n);

n++;

if (n <= 10)

goto label;

}

// Driver program to test above function

int main() {

printNumbers();

return 0;

}

Output:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2. C return: The return in C or C++ returns the flow of the execution to the function from where it is called. This statement does not mandatorily need any conditional statements. As soon as the statement is executed, the flow of the program stops immediately and return the control from where it was called. The return statement may or may not return anything for a void function, but for a non-void function, a return value is must be returned.
   Syntax:
   

return[expression];

1. Example:
   

• C

• C++

// C code to illustrate return

// statement

#include <stdio.h>

// non-void return type

// function to calculate sum

int SUM(int a, int b)

{

int s1 = a + b;

return s1;

}

// returns void

// function to print

void Print(int s2)

{

printf("The sum is %d", s2);

return;

}

int main()

{

int num1 = 10;

int num2 = 10;

int sum_of = SUM(num1, num2);

Print(sum_of);

return 0;

}

Output:

The sum is 20