Sales and purchases of tangible personal property (including prewritten computer software), items, property, and goods under sec. 77.52(1)(b), (c), and (d), Wis. Stats., (generally referred to in this Common Question as "items, property, and goods") and taxable services (such as services to prewritten computer software or services to computer hardware), are subject to Wisconsin sales and use taxes when the sale or purchase is sourced to (i.e., takes place in) a location in Wisconsin, as provided in sec. 77.522, Wis. Stats.

Note: The vendor may load the prewritten computer software onto its server and maintain the software if there is a breakdown. Such loading and maintenance, by itself, does not demonstrate sufficient evidence of control over the software to conclude that the vendor is providing a data processing service. If a customer has control over computer hardware and software it accesses from a remote location, has unlimited access to the server, loads its own software, is responsible for security measures regarding its use of the computer equipment (file server) and software, and decides how, when, and where its output will be provided through its own manipulation of the software, the vendor is leasing (licensing) tangible personal property (software) to its customer (see Part A, Software Lease, above, for tax treatment).


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Example: Company A, an Application Service Provider (ASP), provides access to its software. The software is stored on Company A's servers and the customer accesses the software via the internet. Customers that contract with Company A have access to Company A's servers, but do not operate or have control over the servers. Company A has control over the computer hardware and software, loads the software onto the server, and is responsible for security measures regarding the computer equipment (file server) and software. Company A does not provide a taxable product or service (e.g., ancillary service, telecommunications service) in the transaction. In order for Company A's customers to access the hardware and software, the customers must use a client utility program that they download from Company A. Company A is providing a data processing service, which is not subject to Wisconsin sales and use tax, regardless of whether the server is located in Wisconsin or outside Wisconsin. Data processing services are not among the services subject to Wisconsin sales and use tax.

Although he has taught classes virtually nonstop since 1982, Scott is best known as the author of the longest-running, most popular, and most comprehensive PC hardware book in the world, Upgrading and Repairing PCs, which has become the core of an entire series of books, including Upgrading and Repairing PCs, Upgrading and Repairing Laptops, and Upgrading and Repairing Windows.

In 2023, computer enthusiasts and aspiring tech-savvy individuals have an array of helpful resources at their disposal to delve into the world of computer hardware upgrade and repair. These top 10 books are making waves among readers this year. They cover a wide spectrum of topics, from the basics of troubleshooting to advanced techniques for replacing computer components.

While primarily focusing on electronics, this book is an essential read for those interested in the intricacies of computer hardware. It provides a strong foundation in electronics, which is crucial for understanding how hardware components work together.

ITS does not offer any type of computer hardware repair. Computers that are still under warranty should be referred back to the vendor. For computers no longer under warranty, a list of local computer hardware repair providers is available.

My computer screen is cracked. Can Tech Squad repair this for me?

  If you are having trouble with hardware, Tech Squad would be happy to troubleshoot and provide consultation in regards to the issue. However, Tech Squad will not repair broken/damaged hardware. You may seek additional assistance from a hardware repair expert on the map below:

I want to say to everyone that Thomas Kaeding helped me save all the data from a friends hard drive. It was a MyBook Essential 2TB USB3.0, model number wdbacw0020hbk-00. The USB-to-SATA board fried and did not start the disc, nor it got recognized by the computer. I testes with different power supply and USB cable and nothing worked. This board has a Symwave SW6316 chipset which applies hardware encryption of AES-256 to all data. After a few minutes of sending the disc blocks containing the key to Thomas, he was able to point me with the unscrambled key and how to use it in Linux (I used Ubuntu Mate).

Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the case, central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.[1][2]

A storage device is any computing hardware and digital media that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers. Dedicated storage devices include RAIDs and tape libraries.

When using computer hardware, an upgrade means adding new or additional hardware to a computer that improves its performance, increases its capacity, or adds new features. For example, a user could perform a hardware upgrade to replace the hard drive with a faster one or a solid state drive (SSD) to get a boost in performance. The user may also install more Random Access Memory (RAM) so the computer can store additional temporary data, or retrieve such data at a faster rate. The user may add a USB 3.0 expansion card to fully use USB 3.0 devices, or could upgrade the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for cleaner, more advanced graphics, or more monitors. Performing such hardware upgrades may be necessary for aged computers to meet a new, or updated program's system requirements.

Because computer parts contain hazardous materials, there is a growing movement to recycle old and outdated parts.[18] Computer hardware contain dangerous chemicals such as lead, mercury, nickel, and cadmium. According to the EPA these e-wastes have a harmful effect on the environment unless they are disposed of properly. Making hardware requires energy, and recycling parts will reduce air pollution, water pollution, as well as greenhouse gas emissions.[19] Disposing unauthorized computer equipment is in fact illegal. Legislation makes it mandatory to recycle computers through the government approved facilities. Recycling a computer can be made easier by taking out certain reusable parts. For example, the RAM, DVD drive, the graphics card, hard drive or SSD, and other similar removable parts can be reused.

Many materials used in computer hardware can be recovered by recycling for use in future production. Reuse of tin, silicon, iron, aluminum, and a variety of plastics that are present in bulk in computers or other electronics can reduce the costs of constructing new systems. Components frequently contain copper, gold, tantalum,[20][21] silver, platinum, palladium, and lead as well as other valuable materials suitable for reclamation.[22][23]

Recycling of computer hardware is considered environmentally friendly because it prevents hazardous waste, including heavy metals and carcinogens, from entering the atmosphere, landfill or waterways. While electronics consist a small fraction of total waste generated, they are far more dangerous. There is stringent legislation designed to enforce and encourage the sustainable disposal of appliances, the most notable being the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive of the European Union and the United States National Computer Recycling Act.[29]

As computer hardware contain a wide number of metals inside, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) encourages the collection and recycling of computer hardware. "E-cycling", the recycling of computer hardware, refers to the donation, reuse, shredding and general collection of used electronics. Generically, the term refers to the process of collecting, brokering, disassembling, repairing and recycling the components or metals contained in used or discarded electronic equipment, otherwise known as electronic waste (e-waste). "E-cyclable" items include, but are not limited to: televisions, computers, microwave ovens, vacuum cleaners, telephones and cellular phones, stereos, and VCRs and DVDs just about anything that has a cord, light or takes some kind of battery.[30]

In this guide, you will find everything you need to kick off your computer repair studies. Whether you have a background in technical support or are a complete beginner, we have you covered with the best computer repair classes, books, free resources, and much more.

Those who work in computer repair have extensive knowledge of both the physical computer hardware, as well as software components. To get into this competitive field, you will need to be able to work on laptops, computers, and everything in between.

Computer repair is used for a wide variety of computer problems and issues. Whether it be repairing or replacing parts, solving network issues, or maintaining current parts, computer repair covers it all.


For those who like to go against the grain, you can try enrolling in a trade school, or simply teaching yourself. Self-taught computer repair technicians typically learn through a series of classes, tutorials, books, and other online resources.

LITS recommends that students use an Apple computer running macOS or PC computer running Windows in order to access the most robust support from the LITS Technology Help Desk. Chromebooks are not always compatible with or capable of running software students may need for courses. 17dc91bb1f

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