Observe good housekeeping in the area of the machines during and after maintenance.
Place removed covers and other parts in a safe place, away from all personnel, while you are servicing the machine. Dress for the Job
Keep your tool case away from walk areas so that other people will not trip over it.
Do not wear loose clothing that can be trapped in the moving parts of a machine. Ensure that your sleeves are fastened or rolled up above your elbows. If your hair is long, use hair net or hair cap.
Insert the ends of your necktie or scarf inside clothing or fasten it with a nonconductive clip, approximately three (3) inches from the end.
Do not wear jewelry, chains, metal-frame eyeglasses, or metal fasteners.
Remember: Metal objects are good conductors.
After service, reinstall all safety shields, guards, labels, and ground wires. Replace any safety device that is worn out or defective.
Finally, reinstall all covers correctly before returning the unit to the customers.
Electrical safety
Electric current from power, telephone, and communication cables can be hazardous. To avoid personal injury or equipment damage, disconnect the attached power cords, telecommunications systems, networks and modems before you open the server/workstation covers, unless instructed otherwise in the installation and configuration procedure.
Precautions
Disconnect all power before:
Performing a mechanical inspection
Working near power supplies
Removing or installing main unit
Before starting work on the machine, unplug the power cord.
Never assume that power has been disconnected from a circuit.
First, check that it has been powered-off.
Always look carefully for possible hazards in your work
Moist floors
Non-grounded power extension cables -
Power surges.
If an electrical accident occurs
Switch off power
Send another person to get medical aid
Safety Inspection Guide
1. These steps will help you identify potentially unsafe conditions on electrical products:
Check exterior covers for damage (loose, broken, or sharp edges)
Power-off computer. Disconnect the power cord.
The power cord should be the appropriate type.
Insulation on the power cord must not be frayed or worn out.
Remove the cover.
Check for any obvious alteration. Use good judgment as to the safety of any alterations.
Check for worn out, frayed or pinched cables.
Check that the power-supply cover fasteners (screws or rivets) have not been removed or tampered with.
Accident Reporting Policy and Procedure
There must be a process put in place to report accidents, incidents or near misses for immediate action and to help track causes. The organization needs to identify what needs to be reported, to whom it is to be reported, and how to report it, then put this process into a written procedure.
For example:
Any accident, incident, or "near miss," no matter how slight the injury or damage, must be reported to the department supervisor immediately for appropriate action.
The supervisor is responsible for taking appropriate follow-up action, including getting medical attention for the injured, completing an investigation report and recommending or implementing appropriate corrective actions.
The primary purpose of the accident investigation is to identify the cause(s) of the accident, incident or "near miss" and take action to prevent a similar occurrence in the future. In some instances, an employee's or volunteer's failure to follow recognized safety procedures requires disciplinary action to protect co-workers.
Remember: One person's actions can jeopardize the safety of others in the workplace.
Accident Reporting Policy
The senior staff member available at the accident scene or the first member notified should complete the appropriate investigation reporting form (accident, incident, near miss). The completed form should be given to the organization's safety committee, which will forward a copy of the report to the safety coordinator for review.
When an employee or volunteer is injured:
1. Get the person professional medical attention.
2. Protect others.
3. Minimize property damage.
4. Stabilize the situation.
5. Conduct an investigation.
Go to the scene of the accident while the facts are fresh.
Inspect and record any changed physical characteristics or conditions of the accident site
Preserve any physical evidence, such as potentially defective equipment.
Take photos to help preserve the scene (i.e., puddles on the floor, overturned storage shelves and spilled contents).
Talk to the injured person, if possible.
Talk to any eyewitnesses.
Ask simple open-ended questions, one question at a time, and attempt to have events related chronologically to ensure thorough coverage.
Distinguish a person's actual knowledge from hearsay.
Ask when, where, who, how, and what was said or done.
Avoid opinions, judgments or conclusions and be as objective as possible. Avoid commenting on the information gathered except to confirm your understanding or to clarify.
Stress getting the facts.
Do not comment on liability or fault during the investigation. Listen for clues in the conversation around you.
Unsolicited comments often have merit.
Review and finalize any notes immediately upon completion of your inspection and any interview or other communication with those involved.
Fill out the appropriate accident, incident or near-miss form, giving an accurate account of the facts.
Send the form to the safety coordinator and safety committee for their review.
Forms are used to give specific details with regards to the accidents happened in the laboratory during experiments. Accident reports contain the following details:
Name of the person injured
Date and time of the accident
Type of injury
First aid given
Action taken to prevent further accidents
When replacing computer parts and peripherals, you need to consider the following factors:
1. Compatibility of the component or part
2. Consider the component specification
3. Components form factor
When replacing computer parts you should check if it is compatible with your unit. Double check on your computer manual if the component you are replacing is compatible or not with the unit because this may lead to system crash.
This focuses on the specification of the component. Check if the voltage rating, current rating, memory size and frequency matches your computer unit.
The components’ manufacturer should be considered. Check if the unit you are trying to repair or upgrade is generic or branded units. Branded units have their own set of components compatible only to their units, while genetic types can be used only to generic type of units.
Note: Please refer to the Video for Proper Replacement of the components or parts of the computer.
Is technically any form of electronic storage; it is used most often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage. It is commonly called RAM (Random Access Memory).
Also referred to as a graphics accelerator, is an item of personal computer hardware whose function is to generate and output images to a display.
Is also known as LAN card. A PC interface to network cabling. It is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network.
Is a fixed computer storage medium
Is also known as the mainboard. It contains circuits that perform various functions
Is also known as CPU or the Central Processing unit .
Refers to a small memory on PC motherboards that is used to store BIOS settings.
A DVD is an optical disc storage media format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba and Panasonic in 1995.
Is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals
Upgrading Your Computer Components
To upgrade means to change some parts with faster and better performing ones. These parts may even cost less and more powerful.
Replace old CRT monitors to new LCD or LED monitors.
Old CD-ROMs drives are commonly replaced with DVD-ROM and DVD writers.
Small capacity hard drives are replaced with faster and high capacity hard drives.
Keyboards and mouse
Keyboards and mouse are commonly replaced with optical mouse and wireless keyboards.
Upgrading the computer’s memory or RAM speeds up the performance of the computer.
Upgrade computer’s graphics card to improve the computer performance in terms of graphics and games.
Replacing the processors increase the data processing speed.
Installing a modem enables your computer to connect to the internet.
Automatically analyzes the empty disk space on the hard disk and defrag all scattered files.
Close all unwanted programs at the Windows start up and this will automatically increase the windows loading time and speed of the computer will also be increased.
Increasing the memory in the system will result to exceptional speed of your computer.
You can delete unwanted programs and files from your computer and this will be helpful in increasing the speed.
5. Empty Recycle Bin
Delete all the files and folders from the recycle bin and you will get the space of C drive for reusability.
Memory Upgrade
To make your computer faster, you can upgrade its memory. Here are the steps in upgrading your computer’s memory
2. In the notches we have marked as A are used for the ejector clip on the DIMM slot.
The notches we have marked as B are used to align the memory module with the DIMM slot key C as shown in
3. Now you are ready to install the module, ensuring the notches line up with the keys gently but firmly push the memory into the slot until it is seated fully(see the ejector clips should rise to the vertical position as shown.
4. Now your memory is installed. Be sure you have not loosened any cables while working and also ensure that the memory module is fully seated and the ejector clips are in the vertical position.
Next, take the video card (hold it by the edges) and line it up with the slot paying careful attention to the alignment notch. When it is aligned correctly, press gently but firmly until the card is seated fully and evenly into the slot.
When you are happy that the card is firmly in place, insert the fixing screw and check to make sure you have not loosened anything during installation. Replace the case cover and reconnect the mains power.
When you reboot your machine Windows (or other OS) should find the card automatically, it may then ask you to insert the disk/CD that came with your video card, insert the CD and follow the on-screen instructions to install the video card driver.
Hard Drive Upgrade
The first thing to do (after removing the case covers) is to locate the drive bay where the hard drive will go.
The next step is to attach the IDE and power cables.
Below you can see a standard IDE Cable, note there are three (3) connections (notice the difference in distance between the connectors). Connection A plugs into the motherboard and then the slave and master connections are used for IDE devices such as hard drives, if you are only installing one drive or the new drive is to be the master then use the master connector, if the drive is to be the slave then use the slave connector.
The IDE cable will be marked down one side with a red or black strip, this denotes Pin 1, match this with the Pin 1 indicator on the back of the hard drive.
The power cable you will find in your case is attached to your power supply; you can see an example.
If your network connection is not configured properly or suffers a technical failure, you will often see some error message generated and displayed on your screen. These messages give helpful clues to the nature of the issue. Use this list of the common network-related error messages to help troubleshoot and fix networking problems.
Award BIOS / CMOS Setup
This is the BIOS setup for Award BIOS v6.00PG. If you have a different version of the Award BIOS there would be a lot of similarities. If your BIOS are AMI or Phoenix then the common BIOS features would have some similarities. Whatever BIOS you have, this setup guide should give you an idea about how to setup BIOS.
Please note that setting up BIOS incorrectly could cause system malfunction, therefore it is recommended that you also follow the BIOS guide provided on your motherboard manual. If you decide to make changes to certain options it is safer to make a note of what you have changed. Then restart the system to see how it performs. If the system behaves abnormally or becomes unstable you can revert back to your previous settings.
Soft menu III
Soft menu III is where you can setup up the CPU without setting jumpers on the motherboard. You can setup the CPU simply by selecting the speed i.e. Pentium III 750 from the list. This ensures that the CPU bus, multiplier, voltage etc, is correctly set for that particular CPU. However you can manually setup each feature if required. Once you have finished with the setup press ESC to return the previous menu.
Standard CMOS Features
Here you can setup the basic BIOS features such as date, time, type of floppy etc. Use the arrow keys to move around and press enter to select the required option. You can specify what IDE devices you have such as Hard drive, CD-ROM, ZIP drive etc. The easiest way to setup the IDE devices is by leaving it set to auto. This allows the BIOS to detect the devices automatically so you don't have to do it manually. At the bottom, it also displays the total memory in your system.
Advanced BIOS Features
As you can see from, there are numerous advance settings which you can select if required. For most cases leaving the default setting should be adequate. As you can see the first boot device is set to floppy. This ensures that the floppy disk is read first when the system boots, and therefore can boot from windows boot disk. The second boot device is the Hard disk and third is set to LS120. If you want to boot from a bootable CD then you can set the third boot device to CD/DVD-ROM.
Advanced Chipset Features
Here you can setup the contents of the chipset buffers. It is closely related to the hardware and is therefore recommended that you leave the default setting unless you know what you are doing. Having an incorrect setting can make your system unstable. If you know that your SDRAM can handle CAS 2, then making changes can speed up the memory timing. If you have 128MB SDRAM then the maximum amount of memory the AGP card can use is 128MB.
Integrated Peripherals
This menu allows you to change the various I/O devices such as IDE controllers, serial ports, parallel port, keyboard etc. You can make changes as necessary.
Power Management Setup
The power management allows you to setup various power saving features, when the PC is in standby or suspend mode
PnP/PCI Configurations
This menu allows you to configure your PCI slots. You can assign IRQ's for various PCI slots. It is recommended that you leave the default settings as it can get a bit complicated messing around with IRQ's
PC Health Status
This menu displays the current CPU temperature, the fan speeds, voltages etc. You can set the warning temperature which will trigger an alarm if the CPU exceeds the specified temperature.
Load Fail-Safe Defaults
If you made changes to the BIOS and your system becomes unstable as a result, you can change it back to default. However if you made many changes and don't know which one is causing the problem, your best bet is to choose the option "Load Fail Safe Mode Defaults" from the BIOS menu. This uses a minimal performance setting, but the system would run in a stable way. From the dialog box Choose "Y" followed by enter to load Fail-Safe Defaults.
Load Optimized Defaults
Like the Fail-Safe mode above, this option loads the BIOS default settings, but runs the system at optimal performance. From the dialog box Choose "Y" followed by enter to load Optimized Defaults.
Set Password
To password protect your BIOS you can specify a password. Make sure you don't forget the password or you cannot access the BIOS. The only way you can access the BIOS is by resetting it using the reset jumper on the motherboard
To save any changes you made to the BIOS you must choose this option. From the dialog box choose "Y".
Exit without Saving
If you don't want to save changes made to the BIOS, choose "N" from the dialog box.