According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the global spending on HIV and malaria treatment between 2006 and 2015 is as follows:
HIV Treatment:
In 2006, the total amount spent on HIV treatment was approximately 4.4 billion USD.
In 2015, the total amount spent on HIV treatment had increased to approximately 19.2 billion USD.
Malaria Treatment:
In 2006, the total amount spent on malaria treatment was approximately 730 million USD.
In 2015, the total amount spent on malaria treatment had increased to approximately 2.9 billion USD.
Types of drugs to Diagnose and treat Malaria and HIV is as follows:
Nigeria stands as the top beneficiary from 2006-2015 receiving approx. 34 Million Units of test kits and Drugs worth 350 Million USD to Diagnose and treat Malaria and HIV. Nigeria is one of the countries most affected by HIV and malaria and has received significant funding from international organizations and donor countries to combat these diseases. According to data from IHME, Nigeria received $1.6 billion in HIV treatment funding and $1.3 billion in malaria treatment funding from 2006 to 2015.
Top 10 countries over the years according to Shipment value and Quantity shipped
While there are still significant challenges in addressing the HIV epidemic in Zambia, these trends are encouraging and suggest that the country is making progress in its response to HIV. Access to HIV drugs and testing kits has improved significantly in Zambia in recent years.
Nigeria has the biggest HIV epidemic in West and Central Africa. In 2009, Nigeria became the leading consumer of test kits and drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of Malaria and HIV. Nigeria has continued to make significant strides in healthcare development with the help of WHO and many International funding organizations, who have made significant investments in HIV prevention and treatment services including HIV testing and counseling, antiretroviral therapy, and support for people living with HIV.
Continued efforts are needed to increase HIV testing, improve access to ART, and expand prevention programs to reach key populations at higher risk of HIV.
SCMS from RDC emerged as the leading vendor in the pharmaceutical industry with a total revenue of 1.036 billion dollars over a period of 9 years from 2006 to 2015. Interestingly, the data shows that SCMS from RDC was not among the top vendors in 2006, which suggests that the company adapted to the market demands and tailored its products, accordingly, resulting in a significant rise in revenue.
This fact is further highlighted by the huge difference in revenue generated between the first and second ranking vendors. It can be inferred that SCMS from RDC analyzed the market demand for pharmaceutical products and delivered their products according to the demand, leading to a tremendous increase in revenue.
Between 2006-2015, there was a higher distribution of resources for the diagnosis and treatment of HIV compared to malaria, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
This is due to several factors, including the development of effective antiretroviral therapies for HIV that can suppress the virus and allow people with HIV to live healthier lives. Additionally, there has been a significant global effort to increase access to HIV testing and treatment, with the goal of ending the HIV epidemic by 2030.
On the other hand, malaria has been a longstanding public health issue in many parts of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. While there have been significant efforts to reduce the burden of malaria through the distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets and effective antimalarial medications, progress has been slower than with HIV due to several factors, including the complex life cycle of the malaria parasite and the emergence of drug-resistant strains.
The dataset provided indicates that the product group ARV consistently had the highest line-item value, indicating that it was the best-selling product among the five groups from 2006 to 2015. The line-item value for ARV increased every year, with sales reaching over $229 million in 2014.
The HRDT product group had the second-highest line-item value after ARV, indicating that it was also a relatively popular product. However, the line-item value for HRDT did not increase every year, and the quantity of products sold also fluctuated from year to year.
ANTM was the third most popular product group after ARV and HRDT. The line-item value for ANTM increased significantly from 2008 to 2015, indicating that it was a growing product. However, the quantity sold for ANTM was also inconsistent from year to year, indicating that its sales were more volatile compared to ARV and HRDT.
ACT and MRDT had relatively low sales compared to the other three product groups. The line-item value for ACT and MRDT fluctuated from year to year, indicating that their demand was not as stable as ARV, HRDT, and ANTM.
Overall, ARV was the best-selling product group with consistent and increasing sales every year, while HRDT and ANTM were also popular but had more fluctuating sales patterns. ACT and MRDT had lower sales compared to the other three groups, with their sales patterns being more inconsistent.
ARV consistently outperformed HRDT in terms of sales, with increasing sales every year. HRDT also showed an increasing trend in sales, but it was not as strong as ARV. The quantities shipped also increased for both products over the years, but ARV had significantly higher quantities shipped compared to HRDT.
Both ARV and HRDT experienced a decline from 2014-2015, due to the rising awareness of HIV.
The treatment of HIV has evolved significantly, and this includes the use of ARV drugs in both pediatric and adult populations. There has been a significant expansion in access to ARV for children living with HIV over the years. There is growing recognition of the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of HIV in children, which can lead to better outcomes and reduce the risk of transmission to others.
HIV drugs and testing kits are shipped via Air, Air charter, Truck, and Ocean. Road freight is the most popular mode of shipping drugs and testing kits within a country or region. Air freight is the fastest and most efficient mode of shipping drugs and testing kits over long distances. ARV drugs are shipped via Air charter when time is of the essence. Sea freight is a more cost-effective mode of shipping drugs and testing kits and it is preferred when the products are not time-sensitive and when large quantities need to be shipped.
When comparing the freight charges for different modes of shipment, we can see that ocean and truck are preferable modes of transportation in terms of the cost of shipping a single unit of the pharmaceutical product. Air transportation is the most expensive option at $1.01 per unit, while truck transportation costs $0.26 per unit, which will lead to a significant difference in the total freight cost of the entire shipment. However, it is important to note that other factors should also be considered when selecting a mode of shipment. Transit time, reliability, and the nature of the product being shipped are all important factors to consider. For example, HRDT is usually shipped by air, indicating that the requirement for it might be more urgent. On the other hand, ARV is transported by truck by the top vendor, SCMS from RDC, since it is cheaper and most of their distribution is between African countries where shipping by ocean is not a feasible option. In cases where ocean shipping is not possible, road transport (Truck) may be the most practical mode of shipment, as it can reach remote parts of Africa that are not accessible by other modes of transport.
In addition to reducing freight costs, SCMS from RDC has also effectively responded to market demand by becoming the top supplier of ARV drugs. This is due to the fact that the requirement for ARV drugs is higher than that of malaria drugs, as HIV is a chronic terminal disease that requires lifelong treatment. In contrast, malaria is typically a short-term illness that requires treatment for no more than a month. By recognizing and adapting to this market demand, SCMS from RDC has been able to increase its competitiveness in the pharmaceutical industry, providing patients with the essential drugs they need to manage their health conditions.
Overall, this dataset provides valuable insights into the pricing of shipments in the supply chain industry and can be used to make decision-making processes related to shipping and logistics more efficient.
Supply chain shipment pricing dataset: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/divyeshardeshana/supply-chain-shipment-pricing-data/download?datasetVersionNumber=1
HIV treatment: https://www.who.int/gho/hiv/epidemic_response/ART_text/en/
Malaria treatment:https://www.who.int/gho/malaria/financing/cost_of_malaria_control/en/
HIV: http://www.healthdata.org/results/gbd_summaries/2006-2015-hiv-aids
Malaria: http://www.healthdata.org/results/gbd_summaries/2006-2015-malaria
World Health Organization (WHO). Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564991
WHO. Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Testing Services. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/consolidated-guidelines-on-hiv-testing-services
UNAIDS. Global AIDS Update 2020. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2020/global-aids-report
The Global Fund. Investing to End Epidemics: The Global Fund Investment Case 2022-2026. https://www.theglobalfund.org/media/12051/core_globalfund_investmentcase2022-2026_en.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Malaria. https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/index.html
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Fast-Track: Ending the AIDS Epidemic by 2030. https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/JC2686_WAD2014report_en.pdf