Community health nurses work in schools, churches, and government agencies. They focus on vulnerable populations, including low-income families, people living in rural areas, immigrants, and individuals with disabilities.
The responsibilities of these nurses differ in each career path, but all community health nurses promote healthy living, disease prevention, and necessary medical treatment. Additionally, community health nurses create programs that promote community health and collect data to identify community needs. Careers can be pursued in public health, faith community nursing, and school nursing.
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Public health nurses work specifically in disease prevention and health promotion. One role includes operating immunization clinics. These clinics are most commonly held for influenza, but these days they also focus on administering the COVID-19 vaccine.
Faith community nurses, often known as parish nurses, provide health education for a specific church parish. They also counsel their faith communities on health issues, and perform medical evaluations for congregation members like administering blood pressure screenings in their place of worship or at a hospital.
Working with both physicians and parents, school nurses monitor students who have health issues. They also care for students who may develop a health issue, like an illness or injury, during the school day. Significantly, school nurses are often the only healthcare provider that some low-income students see.
While their main patients are students, school nurses also work with teachers and other staff. They give medical advice when needed and educate them on student illnesses, as well as how to deal with health emergencies in the classroom or how to assist with ongoing health monitoring for students who need it.
The largest employer of these is the government, which employs 18% of community health workers, including nurses, followed by individual and family services at 17% and religious, civic, and similar organizations at 14%, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Community health nurses often work in the field in their communities, providing health services like blood pressure screenings at malls, running immunization clinics, and conducting disease screenings.
A community health nurse must have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) to work for many organizations. Graduate degrees, such as the Doctor of Nursing Practice, Entry-Level Master of Science in Nursing, or Nurse Educator Master of Science in Nursing offered by St. Catherine University, can help a community health nurse advance to leadership roles through courses that include Nurse Educator as Leader and Leadership for Designing Systems for Nursing Education.
It is also beneficial for community health nurses to have specialized knowledge of a specific community/culture and the ability to speak a second language so they can better communicate with patients, according to the BLS.
This field of health educators and community health workers is projected to grow 13% in the next 10 years, which is faster than the average for all occupations, according to the BLS. The median salary for community health workers was $40,360 in May 2019.
In an era of increasing challenges for public health, nurses have the potential to make a dramatic difference. The American Public Health Association defines public health nursing as, "the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences".1
By working together, nurses can make a great impact on public health as a whole. The American Nurses Association (ANA) builds on individual nurse contributions to public health, by supporting policy, advocacy, and education at the highest levels. These areas of interest include, but are not limited to:
Nurses must be prepared to respond directly to public health crises; from outbreaks of disease to natural disasters. ANA keeps nurses up-to-date on emerging public health issues, to help nurses to make the most informed treatment decisions.
ANA supports the work of the Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations (CPHNO), which strives to improve the health of communities through excellence in nursing education, practice, leadership, and research.2 Its membership has changed since it was established in the early 1980s, and now includes:
The goals of the CPHNO are to create innovative models for public health nursing practice; identify and support the emerging roles of public health nurses; and to develop leadership skills for public health nurses at all levels.
1American Public Health Association, Public Health Nursing Section. (2013). The definition and practice of public health nursing: a statement of the public health nursing section. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
2 Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations. (2011). Quad Council competencies for public health nurses. Retrieved 3/24/16 at www.achne.org/files/quad%20council/quadcouncilcompetenciesforpublichealthnurses.pdf
Community health nurses must be adaptable since they work in various communities outside of the traditional hospital setting. They may, for instance, conduct blood pressure tests in a shopping mall, provide emergency planning in a church, or pass out sex education materials on a college campus. They also coordinate with healthcare teams. Below lists some common responsibilities for community health nurses:
Becoming a community health nurse offers a chance to work directly in at-risk communities to promote good health and wellness. They help manage educational campaigns to prevent disease and illness and enjoy more flexible schedules since they often do not work weekends.
The job offers many rewards, but it also has some drawbacks. Though working in nonhospital settings provides some freedom, it can also mean less opportunity to consult with healthcare staff. Additionally, healthcare progress can be slower on a community-wide scale. Read below to find out more about community health nursing's pros and cons.
Educational level, experience, work setting, and geographical location all influence salaries for community health nurse jobs, as reflected in community health nurses' wide salary range. According to PayScale, community health nurses earn on average between $39,000-$84,000 annually.
The national nursing shortage, exacerbated by the pandemic, will continue to fuel a 7% job growth rate through 2029. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects employers to add 221,900 RN positions from 2019-2029. On an international scale, an article in British Medical Journal Global Health reports that employers need community health workers, including nurses, especially in poorer countries disproportionately impacted by the coronavirus.
Community health worker programs particularly need nurses trained in preventing and controlling infectious diseases to deliver home-based care to low-income people affected by COVID-19, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Community health nurses spend 4-6 years completing their education and training. At a minimum, they must spend two years earning an associate degree in nursing or four years earning their BSN degree. But some also complete a two-year master's in nursing. Employers often prefer community health nurses who have 1-2 years of nursing experience.
No. Community health nurses do not prescribe medication. To prescribe medication, nurses need to get a nurse practitioner license. In some states, practitioners can only prescribe medications under a physician's direction.
Both community health nurses and public health nurses educate the public to promote health and wellness. They may work together to develop health education programs. However, public health nurses might work more directly with policymakers, whereas community health nurses implement policy on the ground level to help address health disparities.
Addressing disparities in healthcare remains the key role of community health nurses. They work to create educational campaigns and community health programs such as mass immunizations. Their role also includes distributing healthcare materials, such as masks.
Community health nurses are a vital link in the health and welfare of neighborhoods. These registered nurses focus on improving the lives of diverse communities of infants, children, adolescents, and adults through education, prevention, and treatment.
Community health nurses work in a variety of settings from community-based centers to government agencies to shelters to vaccine distribution sites. They build coalitions, craft policies, educate the public, manage public health programs, and more.
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, community health worker programs particularly need nurses trained in preventing and controlling infectious diseases, to deliver home-based care to low-income people.
Community health nurses also are strongly encouraged to have ties to the areas in which they wish to work. Participating in volunteer programs both before and after becoming a community health nurse is highly recommended.
Community health nurses should also be connected to their community, open-minded to those different from them, sensitive to different opinions, and objective in their view of the communities they serve. 2351a5e196
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